{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:56:06Z","timestamp":1779929766334,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace","award":["A0 Recherche 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A0 Recherche 2018"]}]},{"name":"Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace","award":["AO Emergence SPU Paris-Saclay 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AO Emergence SPU Paris-Saclay 2019"]}]},{"name":"Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace","award":["ANR-19 CE46-0003-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19 CE46-0003-01"]}]},{"name":"Universite Paris Saclay","award":["A0 Recherche 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A0 Recherche 2018"]}]},{"name":"Universite Paris Saclay","award":["AO Emergence SPU Paris-Saclay 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AO Emergence SPU Paris-Saclay 2019"]}]},{"name":"Universite Paris Saclay","award":["ANR-19 CE46-0003-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19 CE46-0003-01"]}]},{"name":"French Research Agency ANR","award":["A0 Recherche 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A0 Recherche 2018"]}]},{"name":"French Research Agency ANR","award":["AO Emergence SPU Paris-Saclay 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AO Emergence SPU Paris-Saclay 2019"]}]},{"name":"French Research Agency ANR","award":["ANR-19 CE46-0003-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19 CE46-0003-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arctic regions are highly impacted by the global temperature rising and its consequences and influences on the thermo-hydro processes and their feedbacks. Theses processes are especially not very well understood in the context of river\u2013permafrost interactions and permafrost degradation. This paper focuses on the thermal characterization of a river\u2013valley system in a continuous permafrost area (Syrdakh, Yakutia, Eastern Siberia) that is subject to intense thawing, with major consequences on water resources and quality. We investigated this Yakutian area through two transects crossing the river using classical tools such as in\u2013situ temperature measurements, direct active layer thickness estimations, unscrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery, heat transfer numerical experiments, Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR), and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). Of these two transects, one was closely investigated with a long-term temperature time series from 2012 to 2018, while both of them were surveyed by geophysical and UAV data acquisition in 2017 and 2018. Thermodynamical numerical simulations were run based on the long-term temperature series and are in agreement with river thermal influence on permafrost and active layer extensions retrieved from GPR and ERT profiles. An electrical resistivity-temperature relationship highlights the predominant role of water in such a complicated system and paves the way to coupled thermo-hydro-geophysical modeling for understanding permafrost\u2013river system evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15102524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T01:05:10Z","timestamp":1683853510000},"page":"2524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparing Thermal Regime Stages along a Small Yakutian Fluvial Valley with Point Scale Measurements, Thermal Modeling, and Near Surface Geophysics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7669-3622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"L\u00e9ger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Geosciences Paris-Saclay, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, GEOPS, 91405 Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9712-3781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albane","family":"Saintenoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Geosciences Paris-Saclay, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, GEOPS, 91405 Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4904-3223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Grenier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de L\u2019Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3911-0090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"S\u00e9journ\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Geosciences Paris-Saclay, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, GEOPS, 91405 Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8905-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Pohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de L\u2019Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9687-3356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Bouchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9omatique Appliqu\u00e9e, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4097-9204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Pessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Geosciences Paris-Saclay, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, GEOPS, 91405 Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2981-6164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirill","family":"Bazhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melnikov Permafrost Institute, 677010 Yakutsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kencheeri","family":"Danilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melnikov Permafrost Institute, 677010 Yakutsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8308-2691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Costard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Geosciences Paris-Saclay, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, GEOPS, 91405 Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3129-7348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claude","family":"Mugler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de L\u2019Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4016-2149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Fedorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melnikov Permafrost Institute, 677010 Yakutsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Khristoforov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melnikov Permafrost Institute, 677010 Yakutsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Konstantinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melnikov Permafrost Institute, 677010 Yakutsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Houghton, J.T., Jenkins, G., and Ephraums, J.J. 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