{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:08:27Z","timestamp":1760148507416,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","award":["SML2021SP312","2022YFE0106300","2020B1515020025","GDNRC [2022]18","328886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2021SP312","2022YFE0106300","2020B1515020025","GDNRC [2022]18","328886"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["SML2021SP312","2022YFE0106300","2020B1515020025","GDNRC [2022]18","328886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2021SP312","2022YFE0106300","2020B1515020025","GDNRC [2022]18","328886"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["SML2021SP312","2022YFE0106300","2020B1515020025","GDNRC [2022]18","328886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2021SP312","2022YFE0106300","2020B1515020025","GDNRC [2022]18","328886"]}]},{"name":"Program of Marine Economy Development Special Fund under Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province","award":["SML2021SP312","2022YFE0106300","2020B1515020025","GDNRC [2022]18","328886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2021SP312","2022YFE0106300","2020B1515020025","GDNRC [2022]18","328886"]}]},{"name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","award":["SML2021SP312","2022YFE0106300","2020B1515020025","GDNRC [2022]18","328886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2021SP312","2022YFE0106300","2020B1515020025","GDNRC [2022]18","328886"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sea ice thickness (SIT) presents comprehensive information on Arctic sea ice changes and their role in the climate system. However, our understanding of SIT is limited by a scarcity of observations and inaccurate model simulations. Based on simultaneous parameter optimization with a micro genetic algorithm, the North Atlantic\/Arctic Ocean\u2013Sea Ice Model (NAOSIM) has already demonstrated advantages in Arctic sea ice simulations. However, its performance in simulating pan-Arctic SITs remains unclear. In this study, a further evaluation of Arctic SITs from NAOSIM was conducted based on a comparison with satellite and in situ observations. Generally, NAOSIM can reproduce the annual cycle and downward trend in the sea ice volume. However, deficiencies can still be found in the simulation of SIT spatial patterns. NAOSIM overestimates the SIT of thinner ice (&lt;1.5 m) in the Beaufort Sea, underestimates the SIT of thick ice (&gt;1.5 m) in the central Arctic and is unable to capture the upward trend in the SIT in the north of the Canadian Archipelago as well as to reproduce the intensity of the observed SIT variability. In terms of SIT simulation, NAOSIM performs better as the time approaches the optimization window (2000\u20132012). Therefore, in the context of rapid changes in Arctic sea ice, how to optimize this model based on limited observations still remains a challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15102537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T09:26:13Z","timestamp":1683883573000},"page":"2537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness from a Parameter-Optimized Arctic Sea Ice\u2013Ocean Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qiaoqiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3707-3794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4181-2107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4347-9683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongwu","family":"Xiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7114-2036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinghua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13856","article-title":"The Arctic\u2019s sea ice cover: Trends, variability, predictability, and comparisons to the Antarctic","volume":"1436","author":"Serreze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. 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