{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T18:55:41Z","timestamp":1772045741292,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province","award":["2023-JC-YB-275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JC-YB-275"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province","award":["42071144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071144"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province","award":["2021CBWY003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CBWY003"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province","award":["22YDYLZ002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22YDYLZ002"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023-JC-YB-275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JC-YB-275"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42071144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071144"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021CBWY003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CBWY003"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22YDYLZ002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22YDYLZ002"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Shaanxi Normal University","award":["2023-JC-YB-275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JC-YB-275"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Shaanxi Normal University","award":["42071144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071144"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Shaanxi Normal University","award":["2021CBWY003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CBWY003"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Shaanxi Normal University","award":["22YDYLZ002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22YDYLZ002"]}]},{"name":"Special Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Normal University","award":["2023-JC-YB-275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JC-YB-275"]}]},{"name":"Special Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Normal University","award":["42071144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071144"]}]},{"name":"Special Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Normal University","award":["2021CBWY003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CBWY003"]}]},{"name":"Special Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Normal University","award":["22YDYLZ002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22YDYLZ002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding the impact of water availability on vegetation growth in the context of climate change is crucial for assessing the resilience of vegetation to environmental shifts. In this study, the relationship between vegetation growth and water availability was studied using a variety of indicators. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) were utilized as vegetation growth indicators, while the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and soil moisture indicators served as water use indices. To investigate the vegetation response to water deficit in the Loess Plateau during the growing season from 2000 to 2020, Spearman\u2019s rank correlation coefficients were calculated using a 5-year sliding window approach. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of vegetation response to water deficit during the growing seasons were also explored. The results showed that: (1) with the improvement of moisture conditions, vegetation growth recovered significantly, and there was no expansion trend for vegetation water deficit. (2) The most sensitive timescale of vegetation to water deficit was 6\u20138 months; the response degree and sensitivity of vegetation to water surplus and deficit were the highest from June to August; and broadleaved forest was the vegetation type most sensitive to water deficit in the early growing season, while grass was the vegetation type most sensitive to water deficit during the mid and late growing seasons. (3) Soil moisture emerged as the dominant factor influencing vegetation growth in the Loess Plateau, followed by precipitation, albeit to a lesser extent. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanism and characteristics of the response of vegetation to climate fluctuations induced by global climate change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15102593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T01:58:06Z","timestamp":1684288686000},"page":"2593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Vegetation Growth Response and Trends after Water Deficit Exposure in the Loess Plateau, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3717-2028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"},{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9411-8453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianwu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"},{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}]},{"given":"Weibin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}]},{"given":"Fen","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}]},{"given":"Chengxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoru","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15774","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506042102","article-title":"Fine-scale processes regulate the response of extreme events to global climate change","volume":"102","author":"Diffenbaugh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/wcc.81","article-title":"Drought under global warming: A review","volume":"2","author":"Dai","year":"2010","journal-title":"WIREs Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.108539","article-title":"Response of vegetation to multi-timescales drought in the Qinling Mountains of China","volume":"135","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12393","article-title":"Drought footprint on European ecosystems between 1999 and 2010 assessed by remotely sensed vegetation phenology and productivity","volume":"20","author":"Ivits","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2017.02.008","article-title":"Response of vegetation to different time-scales drought across China: Spatiotemporal patterns, causes and implications","volume":"152","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob. Planet. Chang."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd5085","article-title":"Watersheds may not recover from drought","volume":"372","author":"Peterson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay5958","article-title":"Global ecosystem thresholds driven by aridity","volume":"367","author":"Berdugo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1207068110","article-title":"Response of vegetation to drought time-scales across global land biomes","volume":"110","author":"Gouveia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Qian, X. (2019). Construction of Vegetation Drought Stress Index Based on Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Nanjing University]."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.02.349","article-title":"Is plant survival on green roofs related to their drought response, water use or climate of origin?","volume":"667","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab1833","article-title":"Pervasive drought legacies in forest ecosystems and their implications for carbon cycle models","volume":"349","author":"Anderegg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2019.04.084","article-title":"The responses of natural vegetation dynamics to drought during the growing season across China","volume":"574","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2017.12.016","article-title":"Responses of vegetation productivity to multi-scale drought in Loess Plateau, China","volume":"163","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2011.07.018","article-title":"Impacts of drought at different time scales on forest growth across a wide climatic gradient in north-eastern Spain","volume":"151","author":"Pasho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2008.02436.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: Why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought?","volume":"178","author":"McDowell","year":"2008","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.112108","article-title":"Characterizing vegetation response to rainfall at multiple temporal scales in the Sahel-Sudano-Guinean region using transfer function analysis","volume":"252","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137166","article-title":"Spatial and temporal effects of drought on Chinese vegetation under different coverage levels","volume":"716","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03972","article-title":"Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003","volume":"437","author":"Ciais","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JCLI2909.1","article-title":"A Multiscalar Drought Index Sensitive to Global Warming: The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index","volume":"23","author":"Begueria","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2010.07.012","article-title":"A review of drought concepts","volume":"391","author":"Mishra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0033-0124.1992.00084.x","article-title":"A more rational climatic moisture index","volume":"44","author":"Willmott","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prof. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-1688.1999.tb03592.x","article-title":"Accepting the standardized precipitation index:a calculation algorithm","volume":"35","author":"Guttman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Mckee, T.B., Doesken, N.J., and Kleist, J. (1993, January 17\u201322). The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Applied Climatology, Anaheim, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111291","article-title":"Remote sensing for drought monitoring & impact assessment: Progress, past challenges and future opportunities","volume":"232","author":"West","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2021.108468","article-title":"Response of vegetation to drought in the Tibetan Plateau: Elevation differentiation and the dominant factors","volume":"306","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.01.113","article-title":"Assessing vegetation response to multi-time-scale drought across inner Mongolia plateau","volume":"179","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, M., Ge, C., Zong, S., and Wang, G. (2022). Drought Assessment on Vegetation in the Loess Plateau Using a Phenology-Based Vegetation Condition Index. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14133043"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1508","article-title":"Review on the Interaction between Soil Moisture and Vegetation on the Loess Plateau","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-016-9119-8","article-title":"Weakening sensitivity of global vegetation to long-term droughts","volume":"61","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. China Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"120","article-title":"Soil Water Deficit During Vegetation Succession on the Loess Plateau","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res. Soil Water Conserv."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"1664","article-title":"Spatiotemporal evolution of NDVI and its seasonal response to climate change in the Loess Plateau from 1982 to 2015","volume":"39","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"737","article-title":"Analyses on Spatial-Temporal Change Characteristics of Rainfall over Chinese Loess Plateau from April to October","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plateau Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1007\/s10113-015-0881-3","article-title":"Vegetation dynamics and climate change on the Loess Plateau, China: 1982\u20132011","volume":"16","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reg. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-11-1931-2019","article-title":"1\u2009km monthly temperature and precipitation dataset for China from 1901 to 2017","volume":"11","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(03)00174-3","article-title":"Assessing vegetation response to drought in the northern Great Plains using vegetation and drought indices","volume":"87","author":"Ji","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.08.390","article-title":"Vegetation distribution along mountain environmental gradient predicts shifts in plant community response to climate change in alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"650","author":"Niu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-10-1903-2017","article-title":"GLEAM v3: Satellite-based land evaporation and root-zone soil moisture","volume":"10","author":"Martens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-15-453-2011","article-title":"Global land-surface evaporation estimated from satellite-based observations","volume":"15","author":"Miralles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2018.10.006","article-title":"Spatio-temporal dynamics of soil moisture driven by \u2018Grain for Green\u2019 program on the Loess Plateau, China","volume":"269","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2019.114087","article-title":"Changes in soil C:N:P stoichiometry along an aridity gradient in drylands of northern China","volume":"361","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1029\/2018MS001377","article-title":"Impacts of Land Cover and Soil Texture Uncertainty on Land Model Simulations Over the Central Tibetan Plateau","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2004.03.005","article-title":"Soil structure and management: A review","volume":"124","author":"Bronick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2007.01352.x","article-title":"Can we measure terrestrial photosynthesis from space directly, using spectral reflectance and fluorescence?","volume":"13","author":"Grace","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.2307\/1942049","article-title":"Relationships between NDVI, canopy structure, and photosynthesis in three Californian vegetation types","volume":"5","author":"Gamon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13265","article-title":"Widespread decline of Congo rainforest greenness in the past decade","volume":"509","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1327","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1320008111","article-title":"Global and time-resolved monitoring of crop photosynthesis with chlorophyll fluorescence","volume":"111","author":"Guanter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.04.030","article-title":"Remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) in vegetation: 50 years of progress","volume":"231","author":"Mohammed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., and Xiao, J. (2019). A Global, 0.05-Degree Product of Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Derived from OCO-2, MODIS, and Reanalysis Data. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11050517"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"7908","article-title":"Vegetation responses to drought at different time scales in China","volume":"36","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3777","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24016-9","article-title":"Observed increasing water constraint on vegetation growth over the last three decades","volume":"12","author":"Jiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"7110","article-title":"SPEI-based analysis of drought characteristics and trends in Hulun Buir grassland","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"123","article-title":"The response of extreme temperature events to climate warming in Fujian Province","volume":"21","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. China Agric. Univ."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2019.105719","article-title":"Vegetation dynamics and their relationships with climatic factors in the Qinling Mountains of China","volume":"108","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Deng, R.L., Yang, Y.k., and Li, Q. (2021). Applicability and drought evolution analysis of drought index in Zhangye City. China Rural Water Hydropower, 106\u2013113."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"617","article-title":"Application of standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index in China","volume":"18","author":"Zhuang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clim. Environ. Res. (Chin.)"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"744","article-title":"The dominated environmental factors of vegetation change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1982 to 2015","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2015.12.021","article-title":"Evapotranspiration and water balance of high-elevation grassland on the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"533","author":"Coners","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.01.028","article-title":"Impacts of Chinese Grain for Green program and climate change on vegetation in the Loess Plateau during 1982\u20132015","volume":"660","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7540","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JD030481","article-title":"Climate Change Trends and Impacts on Vegetation Greening Over the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"124","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"4770","article-title":"Response of vegetation dynamics to hydrothermal conditions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the last 40 years","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23284","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23284","article-title":"Contrasting responses of water use efficiency to drought across global terrestrial ecosystems","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"65","article-title":"Spatial and temporal distribution of drought and flood in Loess Plateau in different hydrological years","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agric. Eng."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"3322","article-title":"Dry Layer of Soil below Artificial Forest near Xianyang in Shaanxi","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci. Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.4978","article-title":"Does summer precipitation trend over and around the Tibetan Plateau depend on elevation?","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, X.Y., Kelsey, K.C., Yan, Y., Sun, J., Wang, X.D., Cheng, G.W., and Neff, J.C. (2017). Effects of grazing on ecosystem structure and function of alpine grasslands in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: A synthesis. Ecosphere, 8.","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.1656"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2018.11.018","article-title":"Food-energy-water (FEW) nexus for urban sustainability: A comprehensive review","volume":"142","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.08.399","article-title":"Spatiotemporal impact of soil moisture on air temperature across the Tibet Plateau","volume":"649","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/10\/2593\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:35:59Z","timestamp":1760124959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/10\/2593"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15102593"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15102593","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]}}}