{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T22:51:47Z","timestamp":1774047107369,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U2039205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2039205"]}]},{"name":"Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023NSFSC0785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC0785"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2039205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2039205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023NSFSC0785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC0785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electromagnetic signals transmitted from the Beidou geostationary satellites can be utilized to monitor changes in ionospheric total electron contents (TECs) at motionless ionospheric pierce points (IPPs) over the Earth\u2019s surface 24 h a day. The TEC perturbations at close IPPs detected via distinct horizontal azimuths and elevation angles can be examined by utilizing different measuring geometries formed by the selected geostationary satellites and ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations. The M6.9 Menyuan earthquake occurred in northwest China on 7 January 2022. We collected TEC perturbations associated with the Menyuan earthquake at those motionless IPPs to examine the capability of the TEC measurements utilizing distinct horizontal azimuths and elevation angles. The experimental results show that the TEC perturbations associated with the earthquake traveled away from the area around the epicenter with velocities of ~800 m\/s and ~1000 m\/s in the ionosphere. The traveling TEC perturbations were consistently observed in different geometries. Such novel results show that the pronounced TEC perturbations can be obtained once the satellite hanging high over the Earth\u2019s surface in front of the traveling TEC perturbations is selected. This study shows that geostationary satellites provide an excellent opportunity to conduct experiments on the advantage of the TEC observation technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15102608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T06:32:58Z","timestamp":1684391578000},"page":"2608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Monitoring Seismo-TEC Perturbations Utilizing the Beidou Geostationary Satellites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7462-4463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuemin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7393-8281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6538-2703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5440-2142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chieh-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davies, K. 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