{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:21:31Z","timestamp":1784542891287,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42004001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42004001"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42274012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42274012"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42104019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42104019"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["WHYWZ202107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WHYWZ202107"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["SMIL-2021-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SMIL-2021-04"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["JZ2022HGTB0268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ2022HGTB0268"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["JZ2022HGTB0358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ2022HGTB0358"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Wuhan, Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides, National Observation and Research Station","award":["42004001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42004001"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Wuhan, Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides, National Observation and Research Station","award":["42274012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42274012"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Wuhan, Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides, National Observation and Research Station","award":["42104019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42104019"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Wuhan, Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides, National Observation and Research Station","award":["WHYWZ202107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WHYWZ202107"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Wuhan, Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides, National Observation and Research Station","award":["SMIL-2021-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SMIL-2021-04"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Wuhan, Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides, National Observation and Research Station","award":["JZ2022HGTB0268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ2022HGTB0268"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Wuhan, Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides, National Observation and Research Station","award":["JZ2022HGTB0358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ2022HGTB0358"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory","award":["42004001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42004001"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory","award":["42274012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42274012"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory","award":["42104019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42104019"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory","award":["WHYWZ202107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WHYWZ202107"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory","award":["SMIL-2021-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SMIL-2021-04"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory","award":["JZ2022HGTB0268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ2022HGTB0268"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory","award":["JZ2022HGTB0358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ2022HGTB0358"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["42004001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42004001"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["42274012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42274012"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["42104019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42104019"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["WHYWZ202107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WHYWZ202107"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["SMIL-2021-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SMIL-2021-04"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["JZ2022HGTB0268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ2022HGTB0268"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["JZ2022HGTB0358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ2022HGTB0358"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>On 6 February 2023, a devastating doublet of earthquakes with magnitudes of Mw 7.8 and Mw 7.6 successively struck southeastern Turkey near the border of Syria. The earthquake sequence represents the strongest earthquakes in Turkey during the past 80 years and caused an extensive loss of life and property. In this study, we processed Sentinel-1 and GPS data to derive the complete surface displacement caused by the earthquake sequence. The surface displacements were adopted to invert for the fault geometry and coseismic slip distribution on the seismogenic faults of the earthquake sequence. The results indicate that the coseismic rupture of the Turkey earthquake sequence was dominated by left-lateral strike slips with a maximum slip of ~10 m on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) and the S\u00fcrg\u00fc fault (SF). Significant surface ruptures are recognized based on the geodetic inversion, which is consistent with the analysis of post-earthquake satellite images. The cumulative released moment of the two earthquakes reached 9.62 \u00d7 1020 Nm, which corresponds to an event of Mw 7.95. Additionally, the interseismic fault slip rates and locking depths along the central and western segments of the EAFZ were estimated using the high-resolution long-term velocity field. The results reveal significant lateral variations of fault slip rates and locking depths along the central and western segments of the EAFZ. Generally, the estimated fault locking zone showed good spatial consistency with the coseismic fault rupture of the Mw 7.8 shock on the EAFZ. The static coulomb failure stress (CFS) change due to the Mw 7.8 earthquakes suggests that the subsequent Mw 7.6 event was certainly promoted by the Mw 7.8 shock. The stress transfers from the fault EAFZ to the fault SF were realized by unclamping the interface of the fault SF, which significantly reduces the effective normal stress on the fault plane. Large CFS increases in the western Puturge segment of the EAFZ, which was not ruptured in the 2020 Mw 6.8 and the 2023 Mw 7.8 earthquakes, highlight the future earthquake risk in this fault segment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15102618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T06:32:58Z","timestamp":1684391578000},"page":"2618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Source Model of the 2023 Turkey Earthquake Sequence Imaged by Sentinel-1 and GPS Measurements: Implications for Heterogeneous Fault Behavior along the East Anatolian Fault Zone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1782-5792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuiping","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"},{"name":"Wuhan Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides, National Observation and Research Station, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"Hubei Subsurface Multi-Scale Imaging Key Laboratory, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingye","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7176-218X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongchao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0738-2872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaochuan","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0528-8328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenxuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0207-8800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunyue","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(92)90265-8","article-title":"The East Anatolian Fault: An oblique collisional belt","volume":"204","author":"Lyberis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7304","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JB008966","article-title":"The East Anatolian Fault Zone: Seismotectonic setting and spatiotemporal characteristics of seismicity based on precise earthquake locations","volume":"117","author":"Bulut","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1991.tb06328.x","article-title":"Source parameters of large earthquakes in the East Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey)","volume":"106","author":"Taymaz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1144\/SP372.14","article-title":"The East Anatolian Fault: Geometry, segmentation and jog characteristics","volume":"372","author":"Emre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/09853111.2013.858962","article-title":"The geology and morphology of the Antakya Graben between the Amik Triple Junction and the Cyprus Arc","volume":"26","author":"Blackwell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geodin. Acta"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03352645","article-title":"Kinematics of the East Anatolian Fault Zone between Turkoglu (Kahramanmaras) and Celikhan (Adiyaman), eastern Turkey","volume":"58","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Earth Planets Space"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B05411","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JB004051","article-title":"GPS constraints on continental deformation in the Africa-Arabia-Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamics of plate interactions","volume":"111","author":"Reilinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jog.2012.05.006","article-title":"Kinematic study at the junction of the East Anatolian fault and the Dead Sea fault from GPS measurements","volume":"67","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geodyn."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1989.tb04453.x","article-title":"Temporary seismic quiescence: SE Turkey","volume":"96","author":"Ambraseys","year":"1989","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggac045","article-title":"Active seismotectonics of the East Anatolian Fault","volume":"230","author":"Karabulut","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020GL087775","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GL087775","article-title":"Distribution of Interseismic Coupling Along the North and East Anatolian Faults Inferred from InSAR and GPS Data","volume":"47","author":"Bletery","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1029\/2001GC000252","article-title":"An updated digital model of plate boundaries","volume":"4","author":"Bird","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Lomax, A. (2023). Precise, NLL-SSST-coherence hypocenter catalog for the 2023 Mw 7.8 and Mw 7.6 SE Turkey earthquake sequence. (v1.0). Zenodo."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-023-00747-z","article-title":"Earthquake doublet in Turkey and Syria","volume":"4","author":"Ampuero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun. Earth Environ."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021JB023190","DOI":"10.1029\/2021JB023190","article-title":"High-Precision Earthquake Location Using Source-Specific Station Terms and Inter-Event Waveform Similarity","volume":"127","author":"Lomax","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Reitman, G.N., Briggs, R.W., Barnhart, W.D., Jobe, J.A.T., DuRoss, C.B., Hatem, A.E., Gold, R.D., Mejstrik, J.D., and Ak\u00e7iz, A.S. (2023). Preliminary Fault Rupture Mapping of the 2023 M7.8 and M7.5 T\u00fcrkiye Earthquakes."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13844","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13844","article-title":"The role of space-based observation in understanding and responding to active tectonics and earthquakes","volume":"7","author":"Elliott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2019.00016","article-title":"Measuring Coseismic Deformation with Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar: A Review","volume":"7","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020GL087376","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GL087376","article-title":"High-Resolution Surface Velocities and Strain for Anatolia from Sentinel-1 InSAR and GNSS Data","volume":"47","author":"Weiss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-019-0888-1","article-title":"PRIDE PPP-AR: An open-source software for GPS PPP ambiguity resolution","volume":"23","author":"Geng","year":"2019","journal-title":"GPS Solut."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02522083","article-title":"Contributions to the theory of atmospheric refraction","volume":"107","author":"Saastamoinen","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bull G\u00e9od\u00e9sique"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boehm, J., Niell, A., Tregoning, P., and Schuh, H. (2006). Global Mapping Function (GMF): A new empirical mapping function based on numerical weather model data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33.","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL025546"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10712-020-09608-2","article-title":"Earth Observation for Crustal Tectonics and Earthquake Hazards","volume":"41","author":"Elliott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surv. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111321","article-title":"Complete three-dimensional near-field surface displacements from imaging geodesy techniques applied to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake","volume":"232","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1029\/2011EO280002","article-title":"Open radar interferometry software for mapping surface Deformation","volume":"92","author":"Sandwell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eos Trans. AGU"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1029\/2005RG000183","article-title":"The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission","volume":"45","author":"Farr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.17.000401","article-title":"Network approaches to two-dimensional phase unwrapping: Intractability and two new algorithms","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A Opt. Image Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"L07302","article-title":"Locations and types of ruptures involved in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake inferred from SAR image matching","volume":"36","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7022","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GL064585","article-title":"Coseismic displacements from SAR image offsets between different satellite sensors: Application to the 2001 Bhuj (India) earthquake","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2002.805079","article-title":"Glacier motion estimation using SAR offset-tracking procedures. IEEE Trans. Geosci","volume":"40","author":"Strozzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GL072253","article-title":"Toward full exploitation of coherent and incoherent information in Sentinel-1 TOPS data for retrieving surface displacement: Application to the 2016 Kumamoto (Japan) earthquake","volume":"44","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-018-1183-6","article-title":"High-quality three-dimensional displacement fields from new-generation SAR imagery: Application to the 2017 Ezgeleh, Iran, earthquake","volume":"93","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geod."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2017.2653186","article-title":"Measuring Azimuth Deformation with L-Band ALOS-2 ScanSAR Interferometry","volume":"55","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1029\/2001GL013174","article-title":"The complete (3-D) surface displacement field in the epicentral area of the 1999 MW7.1 Hector Mine Earthquake, California, from space geodetic observations","volume":"28","author":"Fialko","year":"2001","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112298","article-title":"Estimating three-dimensional coseismic deformations with the SM-VCE method based on heterogeneous SAR observations: Selection of homogeneous points and analysis of observation combinations","volume":"255","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lohman, R.B., and Simons, M. (2005). Some thoughts on the use of InSAR data to constrain models of surface deformation. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6.","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GC000841"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0750041135","article-title":"Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space","volume":"75","author":"Okada","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jog.2008.06.005","article-title":"Methods of determining weight scaling factors for geodetic\u2013geophysical joint inversion","volume":"47","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Geodyn."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(93)90279-S","article-title":"A study on the active crustal deformation of the north and east anatolian fault zones","volume":"225","author":"Kiratzi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-earth-060614-105302","article-title":"From Geodetic Imaging of Seismic and Aseismic Fault Slip to Dynamic Modeling of the Seismic Cycle","volume":"43","author":"Avouac","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2018.08.014","article-title":"Geodetic imaging mega-thrust coupling beneath the Himalaya","volume":"747\u2013748","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/2013GL058170","article-title":"Block-like plate movements in eastern Anatolia observed by InSAR","volume":"41","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5215","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JB010909","article-title":"Constraining crustal velocity fields with InSAR for Eastern Turkey: Limits to the block-like behavior of Eastern Anatolia","volume":"119","author":"Walters","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jog.2016.01.001","article-title":"Slip rates and seismic potential on the East Anatolian Fault System using an improved GPS velocity field","volume":"94\u201395","author":"Aktug","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geodyn."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morishita, Y., Lazecky, M., Wright, T.J., Weiss, J.R., Elliott, J.R., and Hooper, A. (2020). LiCSBAS: An Open-Source InSAR Time Series Analysis Package Integrated with the LiCSAR Automated Sentinel-1 InSAR Processor. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12030424"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1029\/JB078i005p00832","article-title":"Geodetic determination of relative plate motion in central California","volume":"78","author":"Savage","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggt180","article-title":"Bayesian inversion for finite fault earthquake source models I\u2014Theory and algorithm","volume":"194","author":"Minson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2023GL103164","DOI":"10.1029\/2023GL103164","article-title":"Kinematic Slip Evolution During the 2022 Ms 6.8 Luding, China, Earthquake: Compatible with the Preseismic Locked Patch","volume":"50","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseaes.2022.105396","article-title":"Present-day fault kinematic around the eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and probable viscoelastic relaxation perturbation following the 1950 Mw 8.7 Assam earthquake","volume":"238","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Asian Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2023.118085","article-title":"Arrest of the Mw 6.8 January 24, 2020 Elazi\u011f (Turkey) earthquake by shallow fault creep","volume":"608","author":"Cakir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2009.10.001","article-title":"Field evidences from northern Dead Sea Fault Zone (South Turkey): New findings for the initiation age and slip rate","volume":"480","author":"Karabacak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"B07405","article-title":"Interseismic coupling and asperity distribution along the Kamchatka subduction zone","volume":"110","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12405","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JB008166","article-title":"Interseismic coupling and seismic potential along the Central Andes subduction zone","volume":"116","author":"Chlieh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07837","article-title":"Uplift of the Longmen Shan and Tibetan plateau, and the 2008 Wenchuan (Mw7.9) earthquake","volume":"458","author":"Hubbard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1210","article-title":"Rupture of deep faults in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and uplift of the Longmen Shan","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Geosci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021JB021830","DOI":"10.1029\/2021JB021830","article-title":"From Interseismic Deformation with Near-Repeating Earthquakes to Co-Seismic Rupture: A Unified View of the 2020 Mw6.8 Sivrice (Elaz\u0131\u011f) Eastern Turkey Earthquake","volume":"126","author":"Konca","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020EA001452","DOI":"10.1029\/2020EA001452","article-title":"Kinematics and Dynamics of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Elazig, Turkey Earthquake","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Earth Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-020-00038-x","article-title":"Complex rupture dynamics on an immature fault during the 2020 Mw 6.8 Elaz\u0131\u011f earthquake, Turkey","volume":"1","author":"Plicka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Earth Environ."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1785\/0220200152","article-title":"Coseismic Slip Distribution of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doganyol Earthquake and in Relation to the Foreshock and Aftershock Activities","volume":"92","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seismol. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pepi.2017.04.002","article-title":"Stress change from the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake and increased hazard in the southern Tibetan Plateau","volume":"267","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Earth Planet. Inter."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11859","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL084741","article-title":"The July 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence: Kinematics of Slip and Stressing in Cross-Fault Ruptures","volume":"46","author":"Barnhart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019GL086382","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL086382","article-title":"Complex Rupture of an Immature Fault Zone: A Simultaneous Kinematic Model of the 2019 Ridgecrest, CA Earthquakes","volume":"47","author":"Goldberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggaa099","article-title":"The 2019 Mw 6.4 and Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence in Eastern California: Rupture on a conjugate fault structure revealed by GPS and InSAR measurements","volume":"221","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toda, S., Stein, R.S., Sevilgen, V., and Lin, J. (2011). Coulomb 3.3 Graphic-Rich Deformation and Stress-Change Software for Earthquake, Tectonic, and Volcano Research and Teaching-User Guide; 2011\u20131060.","DOI":"10.3133\/ofr20111060"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scholz, C.H. (2002). The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting, Cambridge University Press. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511818516"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.earth.33.092203.122505","article-title":"Earthquake triggering by static, dynamic, and postseismic stress transfer","volume":"33","author":"Freed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"935","article-title":"Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes","volume":"84","author":"King","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/45144","article-title":"The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence","volume":"402","author":"Stein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/10\/2618\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:37:21Z","timestamp":1760125041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/10\/2618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15102618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15102618","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]}}}