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However, traditional plant biodiversity survey methods, which rely on labor-intensive field surveys, are not suitable for large-scale continuous spatial observations. To overcome this challenge, we propose an innovative framework for mangrove biodiversity assessment and zoning management based on drone low-altitude remote sensing, integrating data such as vertical structure features and spectral diversity features extracted from on-site measurements, airborne LiDAR, and hyperspectral data. This study focuses on the Maowei Sea mangrove community, located in the estuary of China\u2019s first Pinglu Canal since the founding of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Using the proposed framework, we construct an evaluation index for mangrove biodiversity at the levels of species diversity, ecosystem diversity, and landscape diversity, achieving a quantitative calculation of mangrove biodiversity and an evaluation of spatial distribution patterns. The results show that the biodiversity index of mangroves ranges from 0 to 0.63, with an average value of 0.29, and high-biodiversity areas are primarily concentrated in the southwest of the study area, while low-value areas are mainly located in the north. We also select the elevation and offshore distance of mangrove growth for the spatial zoning of biodiversity. The core area of biodiversity occupies the smallest area, at 2.32%, and is mainly distributed in areas with an elevation of 1.43\u20131.59 m and an offshore distance of 150.08\u2013204.28 m. Buffer zones and experimental zones account for a significant proportion, with values of 35.99% and 61.69%, respectively. Compared to traditional methods for monitoring mangrove biodiversity, such as community field-sample surveys, the proposed method using unmanned-aerial-vehicle LiDAR and hyperspectral coupling technology to assess mangrove biodiversity and establish a zoning management framework is more conducive to formulating mangrove biodiversity conservation strategies. The study provides a feasible solution for the large-scale biodiversity mapping of mangroves in the Maowei Sea at the estuary of the Pinglu Canal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15102622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T06:32:58Z","timestamp":1684391578000},"page":"2622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Mangrove Biodiversity Assessment Using UAV Lidar and Hyperspectral Data in China\u2019s Pinglu Canal Estuary"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yichao","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environment, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"},{"name":"Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Geographic Information Resources Development and Utilization in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8295-0496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoqing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Geospatial Informatics and Geomatics Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environment, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaokui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environment, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1403-1381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinhai","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environment, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environment, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environment, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junliang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environment, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143004","article-title":"Mangrove ecological services at the forefront of coastal change in the French overseas territories","volume":"763","author":"Caillaud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. 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