{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T16:00:34Z","timestamp":1775750434064,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008861","name":"UKSA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST\/S001891\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/S001891\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008861","name":"UKSA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST\/K000977\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/K000977\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008861","name":"UKSA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1668434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1668434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000271","name":"STFC MSSL Consolidated","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST\/S001891\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/S001891\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000271","name":"STFC MSSL Consolidated","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST\/K000977\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/K000977\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000271","name":"STFC MSSL Consolidated","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1668434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1668434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006196","name":"JPL","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST\/S001891\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/S001891\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006196","name":"JPL","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST\/K000977\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/K000977\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006196","name":"JPL","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1668434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1668434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We demonstrate the creation of a large area of high-resolution (260 \u00d7 209 km2 at 1 m\/pixel) DTM mosaic from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) images over the Chang\u2019E-4 landing site at Von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n crater using an in-house deep learning-based 3D modelling system developed at University College London, called MADNet, trained with lunar orthorectified images and digital terrain models (DTMs). The resultant 1 m DTM mosaic is co-aligned with the Chang\u2019E-2 (CE-2) and the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA)\u2014SELenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE) blended DTM product (SLDEM), providing high spatial and vertical congruence. In this paper, technical details are briefly discussed, along with visual and quantitative assessments of the resultant DTM mosaic product. The LROC NAC MADNet DTM mosaic was compared with three independent DTM datasets, and the mean differences and standard deviations are as follows: PDS photogrammetric DTM at 5 m grid-spacing had a mean difference of \u22120.019 \u00b1 1.09 m, CE-2 DTM at 20 m had a mean difference of \u22120.048 \u00b1 1.791 m, and SLDEM at 69 m had a mean difference of 0.577 \u00b1 94.940 m. The resultant LROC NAC MADNet DTM mosaic, alongside a blended LROC NAC and CE-2 MADNet DTM mosaic and a separate LROC NAC, orthorectified image mosaic, are made publicly available via the ESA planetary science archive\u2019s guest storage facility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15102643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:55:29Z","timestamp":1684457729000},"page":"2643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Large Area High-Resolution 3D Mapping of the Von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n Crater: Landing Site for the Chang\u2019E-4 Lander and Yutu-2 Rover"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9170-6655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK"},{"name":"Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5077-3736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan-Peter","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan J.","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Plan\u00e9tologie et G\u00e9odynamique, CNRS, UMR 6112, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, 44300 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1054-121X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siting","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2692-6162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian H. G.","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5590-8049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2007.03.049","article-title":"The Japanese lunar mission SELENE: Science goals and present status","volume":"42","author":"Kato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-010-4016-x","article-title":"The global image of the Moon obtained by the Chang\u2019E-1: Data processing and lunar cartography","volume":"53","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. China Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11431-011-4519-5","article-title":"Overall scheme and on-orbit images of Chang\u2019E-2 lunar satellite CCD stereo camera","volume":"54","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. China Technol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11631-014-0657-3","article-title":"Scientific data and their release of Chang\u2019E-1 and Chang\u2019E-2","volume":"33","author":"Zuo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Geochem."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"486","article-title":"Chandrayaan-1: India\u2019s first planetary science mission to the Moon","volume":"25","author":"Goswami","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sundararajan, V. (2018, January 8\u201312). Overview and technical architecture of India\u2019s Chandrayaan-2 mission to the Moon. Proceedings of the 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Kissimmee, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2018-2178"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-007-9153-y","article-title":"Lunar reconnaissance orbiter overview: The instrument suite and mission","volume":"129","author":"Chin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.5140\/JASS.2022.39.4.181","article-title":"Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter Flight Dynamics Simulation and Rehearsal Results for Its Operational Readiness Checkout","volume":"39","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Astron. Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-009-9512-y","article-title":"The lunar orbiter laser altimeter investigation on the lunar reconnaissance orbiter mission","volume":"150","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2016.06.006","article-title":"Summary of the results from the lunar orbiter laser altimeter after seven years in lunar orbit","volume":"283","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pss.2017.10.004","article-title":"Orbit determination of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter: Status after seven years","volume":"162","author":"Mazarico","year":"2018","journal-title":"Planet. Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2015.07.039","article-title":"A new lunar digital elevation model from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter and SELENE Terrain Camera","volume":"273","author":"Barker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"485","article-title":"Lunar Global High-precision Terrain Reconstruction Based on Chang\u2019e-2 Stereo Images","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geomat. Inf. Sci. Wuhan Univ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6832","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2019.2908813","article-title":"A global adjustment method for photogrammetric processing of Chang\u2019E-2 stereo images","volume":"57","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xin, X., Liu, B., Di, K., Yue, Z., and Gou, S. (2020). Geometric Quality Assessment of Chang\u2019E-2 Global DEM Product. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12030526"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, T., Yang, Z., Kang, Z., Lin, H., Zhong, J., Zhang, D., Cao, Y., and Geng, H. (2022). Population of Degrading Small Impact Craters in the Chang\u2019E-4 Landing Area Using Descent and Ground Images. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14153608"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, S., Qian, Y., Xiao, L., Zhao, J., He, Q., Huang, J., Wang, J., Chen, H., and Xu, W. (2022). Lunar Mare Fecunditatis: A Science-Rich Region and a Concept Mission for Long-Distance Exploration. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14051062"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-010-9634-2","article-title":"Lunar reconnaissance orbiter camera (LROC) instrument overview","volume":"150","author":"Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2016.05.012","article-title":"Extracting accurate and precise topography from LROC narrow angle camera stereo observations","volume":"283","author":"Henriksen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, B., Hu, H., and Liu, W.C. (2018). Planetary Remote Sensing and Mapping, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429505997"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2013.09.036","article-title":"Construction of lunar DEMs based on reflectance modelling","volume":"53","author":"Grumpe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2017.03.007","article-title":"Construction of pixel-level resolution DEMs from monocular images by shape and albedo from shading constrained with low-resolution DEM","volume":"140","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2019.11.017","article-title":"An integrated photogrammetric and photoclinometric approach for illumination-invariant pixel-resolution 3D mapping of the lunar surface","volume":"159","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1117\/12.7972479","article-title":"Photometric method for determining surface orientation from multiple images","volume":"19","author":"Woodham","year":"1980","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, Y., Muller, J.-P., Xiong, S., and Conway, S.J. (2021). MADNet 2.0: Pixel-Scale Topography Retrieval from Single-View Orbital Imagery of Mars Using Deep Learning. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13214220"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pss.2018.02.011","article-title":"The scientific objectives and payloads of Chang\u2019E-4 mission","volume":"162","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Planet. Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-019-0341-7","article-title":"Lunar farside to be explored by Chang\u2019e-4","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2019.05.029","article-title":"Geological characterization of the Chang\u2019e-4 landing area on the lunar farside","volume":"333","author":"Qiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JE005577","article-title":"Geological characteristics of Von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n crater, northwestern south pole-Aitken Basin: Chang\u2019E-4 landing site region","volume":"123","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Planets"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-annals-V-3-2022-511-2022","article-title":"Pixel-Resolution DTM Generation for the Lunar Surface Based on a Combined Deep Learning and Shape-From-Shading (Sfs) Approach","volume":"V-3-2022","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, G., Han, K., and Wong, K.Y.K. (2018, January 8\u201314). PS-FCN: A flexible learning framework for photometric stereo. Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), Munich, Germany.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01240-3_1"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s41095-021-0223-y","article-title":"Learning conditional photometric stereo with high-resolution features","volume":"8","author":"Ju","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Media"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1029\/2018EA000409","article-title":"The Ames Stereo Pipeline: NASA\u2019s Opensource Software for Deriving and Processing Terrain Data","volume":"5","author":"Beyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Earth Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2021.01.035","article-title":"Google dataset search and DOI for data in the ESA space science archives","volume":"67","author":"Masson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1231507","article-title":"Gravity field of the Moon from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission","volume":"339","author":"Zuber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Mazarico, E., Goossens, S.J., Lemoine, F.G., Neumann, G.A., Torrence, M.H., Rowlands, D.D., Smith, D.E., and Zuber, M.T. (2013, January 18\u201322). Improved orbit determination of lunar orbiters with lunar gravity fields obtained by the GRAIL mission. Proceedings of the 44th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, The Woodlands, TX, USA. No. 1719."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2007.04.062","article-title":"Planned radiometrically calibrated and geometrically corrected products of lunar high-resolution Terrain Camera on SELENE","volume":"42","author":"Haruyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, Y., Michael, G., Muller, J.-P., Conway, S.J., and Putri, A.R.D. (2021). Seamless 3D Image Mapping and Mosaicing of Valles Marineris on Mars Using Orbital HRSC Stereo and Panchromatic Images. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13071385"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, Y., Muller, J.-P., Conway, S.J., and Xiong, S. (2021). Large Area High-Resolution 3D Mapping of Oxia Planum: The Landing Site for the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin Rover. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13163270"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pss.2018.02.012","article-title":"Massive Stereo-based DTM Production for Mars on Cloud Computers","volume":"154","author":"Tao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Planet. Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Goodfellow, I.J., Pouget-Abadie, J., Mirza, M., Xu, B., Warde-Farley, D., Ozair, S., Courville, A., and Bengio, Y. (2014). Generative adversarial networks. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Jolicoeur-Martineau, A. (2018). The relativistic discriminator: A key element missing from standard GAN. arxiv."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ronneberger, O., Fischer, P., and Brox, T. (2015, January 18). U-net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, Munich, Germany.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24574-4_28"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, G., Liu, Z., Van Der Maaten, L., and Weinberger, K.Q. (2017, January 5\u20138). Densely connected convolutional networks. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Donostia, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.243"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laina, I., Rupprecht, C., Belagiannis, V., Tombari, F., and Navab, N. (2016, January 25\u201328). Deeper depth prediction with fully convolutional residual networks. Proceedings of the 2016 Fourth International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV), Stanford, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/3DV.2016.32"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, Y., Xiong, S., Conway, S.J., Muller, J.-P., Guimpier, A., Fawdon, P., Thomas, N., and Cremonese, G. (2021). Rapid Single Image-Based DTM Estimation from ExoMars TGO CaSSIS Images Using Generative Adversarial U-Nets. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13152877"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Zwald, L., and Lambert-Lacroix, S. (2012). The berhu penalty and the grouped effect. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861","article-title":"Image quality assessment: From error visibility to structural similarity","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Eigen, D., Puhrsch, C., and Fergus, R. (2014). Depth map prediction from a single image using a multi-scale deep network. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eigen, D., and Fergus, R. (2015, January 7\u201313). Predicting depth, surface normal and semantic labels with a common multi-scale convolutional architecture. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Santiago, Chile.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.304"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Godard, C., Mac Aodha, O., Firman, M., and Brostow, G.J. (November, January 27). Digging into self-supervised monocular depth estimation. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, Seoul, Republic of Korea."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, Y., Xiong, S., Muller, J.-P., Michael, G., Conway, S.J., Paar, G., Cremonese, G., and Thomas, N. (2022). Subpixel-Scale Topography Retrieval of Mars Using Single-Image DTM Estimation and Super-Resolution Restoration. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14020257"},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Robinson, M.S., Mahanti, P., Carter, L.M., Denevi, B.W., Estes, N.M., Ravine, M.A., Speyerer, E.J., and Wagner, R.V. (2017, January 17\u201322). ShadowCam\u2014Seeing in the dark. Proceedings of the European Planetary Science Congress, Riga, Latvia."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, M., Craig, D., Herrmann, N., Mahoney, E., Krezel, J., McIntyre, N., and Goodliff, K. (2020, January 7\u201314). The artemis program: An overview of nasa\u2019s activities to return humans to the moon. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, MT, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO47225.2020.9172323"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pss.2020.105119","article-title":"Improved LOLA elevation maps for south pole landing sites: Error estimates and their impact on illumination conditions","volume":"203","author":"Barker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Planet. Space Sci."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/10\/2643\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:38:06Z","timestamp":1760125086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/10\/2643"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15102643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15102643","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]}}}