{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T15:07:32Z","timestamp":1775228852751,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Spanish MINECO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CGL2014-53153-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2014-53153-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Spanish MINECO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FEDER-UCA18-107062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEDER-UCA18-107062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Spanish MINECO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Spanish MINECO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BES-2015-073218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BES-2015-073218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011011","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CGL2014-53153-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2014-53153-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011011","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FEDER-UCA18-107062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEDER-UCA18-107062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011011","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011011","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BES-2015-073218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BES-2015-073218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge, and Universities of the Regional Government of Andalusia","award":["CGL2014-53153-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2014-53153-R"]}]},{"name":"Department of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge, and Universities of the Regional Government of Andalusia","award":["FEDER-UCA18-107062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEDER-UCA18-107062"]}]},{"name":"Department of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge, and Universities of the Regional Government of Andalusia","award":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Department of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge, and Universities of the Regional Government of Andalusia","award":["BES-2015-073218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BES-2015-073218"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Union","award":["CGL2014-53153-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2014-53153-R"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Union","award":["FEDER-UCA18-107062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEDER-UCA18-107062"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Union","award":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Union","award":["BES-2015-073218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BES-2015-073218"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Universities of Spain","award":["CGL2014-53153-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2014-53153-R"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Universities of Spain","award":["FEDER-UCA18-107062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEDER-UCA18-107062"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Universities of Spain","award":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Universities of Spain","award":["BES-2015-073218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BES-2015-073218"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Beach behaviour and evolution are controlled by a large number of factors, being susceptible to human-derived pressures and the impacts of climate change. In order to understand beach behaviour at different scales, systematic monitoring programs that assess shoreline and volumetric changes are required. Video-monitoring systems are widely used in this regard, as they are cost-effective and acquire data automatically and continuously, even in bad weather conditions. This work presents a methodology to use the basic products of low-cost IP video cameras to identify both the cross-shore and long-shore variability of tidal beaches. Shorelines were automatically obtained, digital elevation models (DEMs) were generated and validated with real data, and the outputs were combined to analyse beach behaviour from a morphodynamic perspective. The proposed methodology was applied to La Victoria Beach (SW Spain) for the analysis of beach variations over a 5-year period. The combination of shoreline position analysis and data from DEMs facilitates understanding and provides a complete overview of beach behaviour, revealing alongshore differences in an apparently homogeneous beach. Furthermore, the methods used allowed us to inter-relate the different processes occurring on the beach, which is difficult to achieve with other types of techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15102650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T09:23:10Z","timestamp":1684488190000},"page":"2650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Video-Monitoring Tools for Assessing Beach Morphodynamics in Tidal Beaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0365-5155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Montes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n Marina (INMAR), University of C\u00e1diz, 11510 Puerto Real, C\u00e1diz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"del R\u00edo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n Marina (INMAR), University of C\u00e1diz, 11510 Puerto Real, C\u00e1diz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9819-0927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theocharis A.","family":"Plomaritis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n Marina (INMAR), University of C\u00e1diz, 11510 Puerto Real, C\u00e1diz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1415-8776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Benavente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n Marina (INMAR), University of C\u00e1diz, 11510 Puerto Real, C\u00e1diz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Puig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea, Edificio 700, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6420-5975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Simarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Sciences (CSIC), Passeig Mar\u00edtim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.05946","article-title":"Towards an urban marine ecology: Characterizing the drivers, patterns and processes of marine ecosystems in coastal cities","volume":"128","author":"Todd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"P\u00f6rtner, H.-O., Roberts, D.C., Tignor, M., Poloczanska, E.S., Mintenbeck, K., Alegr\u00eda, A., Craig, M., Langsdorf, S., L\u00f6schke, S., and M\u00f6ller, V. (2022). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-020-0697-0","article-title":"Sandy coastlines under threat of erosion","volume":"10","author":"Vousdoukas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-020-00934-2","article-title":"Sandy beaches can survive sea-level rise","volume":"10","author":"Cooper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-3227(95)00104-2","article-title":"Morphodynamics of meso- and macrotidal beaches: Examples from central Queensland, Australia","volume":"129","author":"Masselink","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-4343(93)90051-X","article-title":"Mechanisms for beach erosion during storms","volume":"13","author":"Russell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2013.12.007","article-title":"The effects of storm clustering on beach profile variability","volume":"348","author":"Karunarathna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-022-01117-8","article-title":"Pacific shoreline erosion and accretion patterns controlled by El Ni\u00f1o\/Southern Oscillation","volume":"16","author":"Vos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"702","article-title":"Monitoring beach changes using GPS surveying techniques","volume":"9","author":"Morton","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.2112\/03-0067R.1","article-title":"A Simple Low Cost Method for One Person Beach Profiling","volume":"204","author":"Delgado","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2018.12.013","article-title":"3D mapping efficacy of a drone and terrestrial laser scanner over a temperate beach-dune zone","volume":"328","author":"Jackson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laignel, B., Vignudelli, S., Almar, R., Becker, M., Bentamy, A., Benveniste, J., Birol, F., Frappart, F., Idier, D., and Salameh, E. (2023). Observation of the Coastal Areas, Estuaries and Deltas from Space. Surv. Geophys.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10712-022-09757-6"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2021.107707","article-title":"Satellite-derived shoreline detection at a high-energy meso-macrotidal beach","volume":"383","author":"Castelle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2020.03.001","article-title":"Coastal coverage of ESA\u2019 Sentinel 2 mission","volume":"65","author":"Bergsma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3839(84)90008-5","article-title":"Measuring run-up on a natural beach","volume":"8","author":"Holman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11575","DOI":"10.1029\/JC095iC07p11575","article-title":"The spatial and temporal variability of sand bar morphology","volume":"95","author":"Lippmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2010.03.005","article-title":"Temporal observations of rip current circulation on a macro-tidal beach","volume":"30","author":"Austin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.2112\/JCOASTRES-D-14-00090.1","article-title":"Evaluation of Opportunistic Shoreline Monitoring Capability Utilizing Existing \u201cSurfcam\u201d Infrastructure","volume":"319","author":"Bracs","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3364","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JC001774","article-title":"An optical technique for the measurement of longshore currents","volume":"108","author":"Chickadel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00367-012-0319-6","article-title":"Storm-induced readjustment of an embayed beach after modification by protection works","volume":"33","author":"Ojeda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geo-Mar. Lett."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2010.11.004","article-title":"Geomorphology Dynamics of a nearshore bar system in the northern Adriatic: A video-based morphological classi fi cation","volume":"126","author":"Armaroli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.5194\/esurf-2-349-2014","article-title":"Intertidal finger bars at El Puntal, Bay of Santander, Spain: Observation and forcing analysis","volume":"2","author":"Garnier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2018.03.010","article-title":"Observations and modelling of shoreline and multiple sandbar behaviour on a high-energy meso-tidal beach","volume":"159","author":"Splinter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2008.05.008","article-title":"Video observations of beach cusp morphodynamics","volume":"254","author":"Almar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2011.12.003","article-title":"Erosion\/accretion patterns and multiple beach cusp systems on a meso-tidal, steeply-sloping beach","volume":"141\u2013142","author":"Vousdoukas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montes, J., Simarro, G., Benavente, J., Plomaritis, T.A., and Del R\u00edo, L. (2018). Morphodynamics Assessment by Means of Mesoforms and Video-Monitoring in a Dissipative Beach. Geosciences, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences8120448"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10236-011-0480-x","article-title":"Coastal vulnerability assessment based on video wave run-up observations at a mesotidal, steep-sloped beach","volume":"62","author":"Vousdoukas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ocean Dyn."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2015.03.002","article-title":"On the use of variance images for runup and shoreline detection","volume":"99","author":"Simarro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1911","article-title":"Storm-surge inundation along a multibarred beach","volume":"SI 64","author":"Ruessink","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22015","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JC000124","article-title":"Estimation of wave phase speed and nearshore bathymetry from video imagery","volume":"105","author":"Stockdon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1007\/s10236-011-0440-5","article-title":"Performance of intertidal topography video monitoring of a meso-tidal reflective beach in South Portugal","volume":"61","author":"Vousdoukas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ocean Dyn."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simarro, G., Calvete, D., Plomaritis, T.A., Moreno-Noguer, F., Giannoukakou-Leontsini, I., Montes, J., and Dur\u00e1n, R. (2021). The Influence of Camera Calibration on Nearshore Bathymetry Estimation from UAV Videos. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13010150"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1029\/JC080i015p01979","article-title":"Description of seasonal beach changes using empirical eigenfunctions","volume":"80","author":"Winant","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"760","article-title":"Analysis and Modeling of Field Data on Coastal Morphological Evolution over Yearly and Decadal Time Scales. Part 1: Background and Linear Techniques","volume":"19","author":"Larson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2007.11.006","article-title":"Statistical analysis of coastal morphological data sets over seasonal to decadal time scales","volume":"55","author":"Kroon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F04033","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JF001989","article-title":"A reevaluation of coastal embayment rotation: The dominance of cross-shore versus alongshore sediment transport processes, Collaroy-Narrabeen Beach, southeast Australia","volume":"116","author":"Harley","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2019.106856","article-title":"Shoreline evolution in an embayed beach adjacent to tidal inlet: The impact of anthropogenic activities","volume":"346","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"13","article-title":"Establishing storm thresholds for the Spanish Gulf of C\u00e1diz coast","volume":"143\u2013144","author":"Plomaritis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.2112\/SI70-105.1","article-title":"Differential short- and medium-term behavior of two sections of an urban beach","volume":"70","author":"Benavente","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2009.09.011","article-title":"Comparison of long-, medium- and short-term variations of beach profiles with and without submerged geological control","volume":"57","author":"Medina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Gracia, F.J. (2005). Geomorphology of the South-Atlantic Spanish Coast. Guide for Fieldtrip A4, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Geomorphology, Zaragoza, Spain, 7\u201311 September 2005, Universidad de Zaragoza."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"2113","article-title":"Morphological and evolutionary classification of sandy beaches in Cadiz coast (SW Spain)","volume":"65","author":"Gracia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"management.54","DOI":"10.9753\/icce.v33.management.54","article-title":"Storm early warning system as a last plug-in of a regional operational oceanography system: The case of the gulf of C\u00e1diz","volume":"1","author":"Plomaritis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Conf. Coastal. Eng."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-16-2543-2016","article-title":"Contribution of storms to shoreline changes in mesotidal dissipative beaches: Case study in the Gulf of C\u00e1diz (SW Spain)","volume":"16","author":"Puig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Instituto Hidrogr\u00e1fico de la Marina (2021, May 15). Anuario de Mareas. Available online: https:\/\/armada.defensa.gob.es\/ArmadaPortal\/page\/Portal\/ArmadaEspannola\/cienciaihm1\/prefLang-es\/02ProductosServicios--08InfoInteres--04infoAnuario."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.2112\/JCOASTRES-D-16-00022.1","article-title":"ULISES: An Open Source Code for Extrinsic Calibrations and Planview Generations in Coastal Video Monitoring Systems","volume":"335","author":"Simarro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribas, F., Simarro, G., Arriaga, J., and Luque, P. (2020). Automatic shoreline detection from video images by combining information from different methods. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12223717"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3839(03)00064-4","article-title":"A video-based technique for mapping intertidal beach bathymetry","volume":"49","author":"Aarninkhof","year":"2003","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2011.07.013","article-title":"The use of video imagery to analyse groundwater and shoreline dynamics on a dissipative beach","volume":"31","author":"Huisman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf Res."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Lorenz, E.N. (1956). Empirical Orthogonal Functions and Statistical Weather Prediction, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Meteorology."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2011.01.008","article-title":"Decoupling spatial and temporal patterns in short-term beach shoreline response to wave climate","volume":"128","author":"Orfila","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1499","article-title":"Empirical orthogonal functions and related techniques in atmospheric science: A review","volume":"27","author":"Hannachi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-P\u00e9rez, J.J., and Medina, R. (2000, January 16\u201321). Profile changes due to a fortnightly tidal cycle. Proceedings of the International Conference on Coastal Engineering (ASCE), Sydney, Australia."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"139","article-title":"Las funciones emp\u00edricas ortogonales y los cambios en el perfil de playa a corto, medio, y largo plazo","volume":"13","author":"Tejedor","year":"2001","journal-title":"F\u00edsica Tierra"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2009.12.002","article-title":"Automated mapping of the intertidal beach bathymetry from video images","volume":"57","author":"Uunk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"(2021, May 15). Red Mare\u00f3grafica del IEO. Available online: http:\/\/indamar.ieo.es\/mareas\/formulario_datos.htm."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.478","article-title":"Effectiveness assessment of risk reduction measures at coastal areas using a decision support system: Findings from Emma storm","volume":"657","author":"Ferreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2010.02.006","article-title":"Two-dimensional time dependent hurricane overwash and erosion modeling at Santa Rosa Island","volume":"57","author":"McCall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3839(02)00120-5","article-title":"The predictability of cross-shore bed evolution of sandy beaches at the time scale of storms and seasons using process-based profile models","volume":"47","author":"Walstra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2016.01.005","article-title":"Morphological response of a sandy barrier island with a buried seawall during Hurricane Sandy","volume":"110","author":"Smallegan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2004.07.015","article-title":"Evaluating the performance of morphological models","volume":"51","author":"Sutherland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2009.08.006","article-title":"Modelling storm impacts on beaches, dunes and barrier islands","volume":"56","author":"Roelvink","year":"2009","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00367-016-0435-9","article-title":"Drones as tools for monitoring beach topography changes in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean)","volume":"36","author":"Casella","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geo-Mar. Lett."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2112\/SI85-045.1","article-title":"UAS & SfM-based approach to Monitor Overwash Dynamics and Beach Evolution in a Sandy Spit","volume":"85","author":"Talavera","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"473","article-title":"An Integrated Study of Shoreline Variability Using GIS and ARGUS Techniques","volume":"39","author":"Armaroli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Edge, B.E. (1999, January 21\u201323). Argus-based monitoring of intertidal beach morphodynamics. Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments Conference, Long Island, NY, USA."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Aarninkhof, S.G.J. (2003). Nearshore Bathymetry Derived from Video Imagery, Delft University of Technology."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-3227(97)00019-4","article-title":"Intertidal beach profile estimation using video images","volume":"140","author":"Plant","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.2112\/1551-5036(2007)23[658:TPOSDM]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The Performance of Shoreline Detection Models Applied to Video Imagery","volume":"233","author":"Plant","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aarninkhof, S.G.J., Ruessink, B.G., and Roelvink, J.A. (2005). Nearshore subtidal bathymetry from time-exposure video images. J. Geophys. Res., 110.","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JC002791"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1002\/jgrc.20199","article-title":"cBathy: A robust algorithm for estimating nearshore bathymetry","volume":"118","author":"Holman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simarro, G., Calvete, D., Luque, P., Orfila, A., and Ribas, F. (2019). UBathy: A new approach for bathymetric inversion from video imagery. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11232722"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergsma, E., Conley, D., Davidson, M., O\u2019Hare, T., and Almar, R. (2019). Storm Event to Seasonal Evolution of Nearshore Bathymetry Derived from Shore-Based Video Imagery. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11050519"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, D., Abreu, T., Silva, P.A., Santos, F., and Baptista, P. (2022). Nearshore Bathymetry Retrieval from Wave-Based Inversion for Video Imagery. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14092155"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2016.08.011","article-title":"Predicting coastal hazards for sandy coasts with a Bayesian Network","volume":"118","author":"Poelhekke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.2112\/04-0431.1","article-title":"State of Knowledge on Measurement and Modeling of Coastal Overwash","volume":"224","author":"Donnelly","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-18-2969-2018","article-title":"Local-scale post-event assessments with GPS and UAV-based quick-response surveys: A pilot case from the Emilia-Romagna (Italy) coast","volume":"18","author":"Duo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2009.09.003","article-title":"Modelling vertical error in LiDAR-derived digital elevation models","volume":"65","author":"Aguilar","year":"2010","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.2112\/07-0861.1","article-title":"Monitoring Sandy Shores Morphologies by DGPS\u2014A Practical Tool to Generate Digital Elevation Models","volume":"246","author":"Baptista","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-3227(00)00036-0","article-title":"Empirical model of morphodynamic beachface behaviour for low-energy mesotidal environments","volume":"167","author":"Benavente","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-015-2486-4","article-title":"Variability in storm climate along the Gulf of Cadiz: The role of large scale atmospheric forcing and implications to coastal hazards","volume":"45","author":"Plomaritis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2112\/1551-5036-36.sp1.56","article-title":"Utility of Morphodynamic Characterisation in the Prediction of Beach Damage by Storms","volume":"36","author":"Benavente","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"950","article-title":"Equilibrium beach profile model for perched beaches","volume":"15","author":"Tejedor","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2005.02.021","article-title":"Geological control of beach morphodynamic state","volume":"216","author":"Jackson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2011.10.002","article-title":"Rock topography causes spatial variation in the wave, current and beach response to sea breeze activity","volume":"290","author":"Gallop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2005.12.004","article-title":"Shoreline response to multi-functional artificial surfing reefs: A numerical and physical modelling study","volume":"53","author":"Ranasinghe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2012.08.001","article-title":"The influence of limestone reefs on storm erosion and recovery of a perched beach","volume":"47","author":"Gallop","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2007.07.002","article-title":"Beachrock occurrence, characteristics, formation mechanisms and impacts","volume":"85","author":"Vousdoukas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135685","article-title":"Financing and implementation of adaptation measures to climate change along the Spanish coast","volume":"712","author":"Bisaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/10\/2650\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:38:25Z","timestamp":1760125105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/10\/2650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15102650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15102650","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]}}}