{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:09:33Z","timestamp":1760148573681,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62001378","20JK0913","XUPT-KLND (201902)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62001378","20JK0913","XUPT-KLND (201902)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education","award":["62001378","20JK0913","XUPT-KLND (201902)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62001378","20JK0913","XUPT-KLND (201902)"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Province Network Data Analysis and Intelligent Processing Key Laboratory Open Fund","award":["62001378","20JK0913","XUPT-KLND (201902)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62001378","20JK0913","XUPT-KLND (201902)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection (HAD) aims to detect the pixel or target whose spectral characteristics are significantly different from the surrounding pixels or targets. The effectiveness of reconstructing the background model is an essential element affecting the improvement of the HAD performance. This paper proposes a Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection method based on Attention-aware Spectral Difference Representation (HAD-ASDR) to reconstruct more accurate background models by using the generated noise distribution matchable to the background as input. The proposed HAD-ASDR mainly includes three modules: Attention-aware Spectral Difference Representation Module (ASDRM), Convolutional Auto-Encoder based Background Reconstruction Module (CAE-BRM) and Joint Spectrum Intensity and Angle based Anomaly Detection Module (JSIA-ADM). First, inspired by Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), ASDRM is proposed to generate a noise distribution that better matches the background by the attention mechanism and the different operation. Then, CAE-BRM is employed to reconstruct the accurate background using the generated noise distribution as input and the convolutional auto-encoder with skip connections. Finally, JSIA-ADM is presented to detect anomalies more accurately by calculating the reconstructed errors from both spectral intensity and angle perspectives. The proposed HAD-ASDR has been verified on five data sets and achieves better or comparable HAD results compared to six other comparison methods. The average AUC of HAD-ASDR on these five data sets is 0.9817 higher than that of the comparison methods, resulting in an improvement of 0.0253. The experimental results demonstrate its superior performance and stability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15102652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T09:23:10Z","timestamp":1684488190000},"page":"2652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Attention-Aware Spectral Difference Representation for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0759-2489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wuxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Data Analysis and Intelligent Processing, School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huibo","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Data Analysis and Intelligent Processing, School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610103, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2002.800280","article-title":"Anomaly detection and classification for hyperspectral imagery","volume":"40","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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