{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T13:31:37Z","timestamp":1776173497338,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42075181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075181"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42105097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42105097"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42275181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275181"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023A04J1544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A04J1544"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020B0301030004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B0301030004"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019B121201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B121201002"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020B1111360003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1111360003"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023A1515010162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010162"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou","award":["42075181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075181"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou","award":["42105097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42105097"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou","award":["42275181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275181"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou","award":["2023A04J1544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A04J1544"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou","award":["2020B0301030004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B0301030004"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou","award":["2019B121201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B121201002"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou","award":["2020B1111360003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1111360003"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou","award":["2023A1515010162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010162"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research","award":["42075181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075181"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research","award":["42105097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42105097"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research","award":["42275181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275181"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research","award":["2023A04J1544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A04J1544"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research","award":["2020B0301030004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B0301030004"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research","award":["2019B121201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B121201002"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research","award":["2020B1111360003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1111360003"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research","award":["2023A1515010162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010162"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["42075181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075181"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["42105097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42105097"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["42275181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275181"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["2023A04J1544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A04J1544"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["2020B0301030004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B0301030004"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["2019B121201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B121201002"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["2020B1111360003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1111360003"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["2023A1515010162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010162"]}]},{"name":"Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["42075181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075181"]}]},{"name":"Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["42105097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42105097"]}]},{"name":"Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["42275181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275181"]}]},{"name":"Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2023A04J1544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A04J1544"]}]},{"name":"Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2020B0301030004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B0301030004"]}]},{"name":"Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2019B121201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B121201002"]}]},{"name":"Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2020B1111360003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1111360003"]}]},{"name":"Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2023A1515010162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010162"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["42075181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075181"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["42105097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42105097"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["42275181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275181"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2023A04J1544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A04J1544"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2020B0301030004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B0301030004"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2019B121201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B121201002"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2020B1111360003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1111360003"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2023A1515010162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010162"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Based on morphological methods, MODIS satellite remote sensing data were used to establish a dataset of the local roughness length (Z0) of vegetation-covered surfaces in Guangdong Province. The local Z0 was used to update the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in order to quantitatively evaluate its impact on the thermodynamic environment of vegetation-covered surfaces. The specific results are as follows: evergreen broad-leaved forests showed the largest average Z0 values at 1.27 m (spring), 1.15 m (summer), 1.03 m (autumn), and 1.15 m (winter); the average Z0 values of mixed forests ranged from 0.90 to 1.20 m; and those for cropland-covered surfaces ranged from 0.17 to 0.20 m. The Z0 values of individual vegetation coverage types all exhibited relatively high values in spring and low values in autumn, and the default Z0 corresponding to specific vegetation-covered surfaces was significantly underestimated in the WRF model. Modifying the default Z0 of surfaces underlying evergreen broad-leaved forests, mixed forests, and croplands in the model induced only relatively small changes (&lt;1%) in their 2 m temperature, relative humidity, skin surface temperature, and the planetary boundary layer height. However, the average daily wind speed of surfaces covered by evergreen broad-leaved forests, mixed forests, and croplands was reduced by 0.48 m\/s, 0.43 m\/s, and 0.26 m\/s, respectively, accounting for changes of 12.0%, 11.1%, and 6.5%, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15102686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T01:36:48Z","timestamp":1684805808000},"page":"2686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Satellite-Based Estimation of Roughness Length over Vegetated Surfaces and Its Utilization in WRF Simulations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9698-3691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiming","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou 510275, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Climate and Agrometeorology Center, Guangzhou 511430, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Ecological Meteorology Center, Guangzhou 510640, China"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou 510275, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2289-0609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pakwai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong 999077, China"}]},{"given":"Chunlin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Climate and Agrometeorology Center, Guangzhou 511430, China"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Climate and Agrometeorology Center, Guangzhou 511430, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Review on methods calculating aerodynamic parameters over urban underlying surface","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Meteorol. Environ."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"194","article-title":"Statistical Features of Aerodynamic Effective Roughness Length Over Heterogeneous Terrain","volume":"62","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Phys. Sin."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1524","article-title":"Estimation of key surface parameters in semi-arid region and their impacts on improvement of surface fluxes simulation","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. China Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-015-5137-z","article-title":"Development and test of a multifactorial parameterization scheme of land surface aerodynamic roughness length for flat land surfaces with short vegetation","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. China Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"51","article-title":"Variance Analysis on the Simulated and Observed Values of Underlaying Surface Roughness in Gansu Corridor","volume":"29","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plateau Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49711951402","article-title":"The Pressure force induced by neutral, turbulent flow over hills","volume":"119","author":"Wood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00705513","article-title":"Determination of the zero plane displacement in an urban environment","volume":"67","author":"Rotach","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bound. Layer Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(2000)039<0708:EOSRLA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Estimation of Surface Roughness Length and Displacement Height from Single-Level Sonic Anemometer Data","volume":"39","author":"Martano","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"21","article-title":"An independent method to determine the surface roughness length","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1969)008<0828:NOARPE>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Note on Aerodynamic Roughness-Parameter Estimation on the Basis of Roughness-Element Description","volume":"8","author":"Lettau","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00712270","article-title":"Determination of zero-plane displacement and roughness length of a forest canopy using profiles of limited height","volume":"75","author":"Lo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bound. -Layer Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022880530523","article-title":"Determination of Roughness Lengths for Heat and Momentum Over Boreal Forests","volume":"107","author":"Yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bound. Layer Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00120073","article-title":"An analytical method for the determination of the roughness parameters over complex regions","volume":"79","author":"Mikami","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bound. Layer Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2005.10.005","article-title":"Aerodynamic drag coefficient and roughness length for three seasons over a tropical western Indian station","volume":"80","author":"Patil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"887","article-title":"Comparative research on four typical surface roughness length calculation methods","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"647","article-title":"Interaction of aerodynamic roughness length and windflow conditions and its parameterization over vegetation surface","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Xing, L. (2012). The Aerodynamic Roughness Length of Chinese Surface Vegetation Based on MODIS and GLAS Data Inversion of Time-Serials. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Capital Normal University]."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"524","article-title":"The Calculation of zero-plane displacement and aerodynamic roughness of heterogeneous terrain\u2014With the evergreen broad-leaf forest in Zhuhai as an example","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Trop. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1625","article-title":"Estimation of roughness length of Beijing area based on satellite data and GIS technique","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plateau Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"325","article-title":"Study of Aerodynamic Parameters on Different Underling Surfaces","volume":"64","author":"Mao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Meteorol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"763","article-title":"Analysis on Heterogeneous Underlying Surface Roughness Length in Semi-Arid Mountains Area of Loess Plateau, China","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plateau Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Ju, Y. (2012). Research on Dynamic Roughness and Thermodynamic Roughness of Different Underlying Surface Types. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology]."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"454","article-title":"The Annual Variation and Its Influencing Mechanism of Surface Roughness Length of Yuzhong in Semi-arid Areas","volume":"25","author":"Yao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1408","article-title":"Determination of Aerodynamical Parameter in Maqu Area in the Upper Reach of Yellow River and Its Application in Land Surface Process Model","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plateau Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2016.02.025","article-title":"Upscaling analysis of aerodynamic roughness length based on In situ data at different spatial Scales and remote sensing in North Tibetan plateau","volume":"176\u2013177","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"551","article-title":"Modification and Simulation of Key Parameters in Land Surface Process in Desert Underlying Surface","volume":"34","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arid Zone Res."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"174","article-title":"Calculation of Roughness Length of Desert and Its Application in Land Surface Process Model","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Desert Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM-D-13-0102.1","article-title":"Assessment of Roughness Length Schemes Implemented within the Noah Land Surface Model for High-Altitude Regions","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hydrometeorol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM-D-15-0049.1","article-title":"Effects of Roughness Length Parameterizations on Regional Scale Land Surface Modelling of Alpine Grasslands in the Yangtze River Basin","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hydrometeorol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00703-019-00698-1","article-title":"Evaluating the impacts of updated aerodynamic roughness length in the WRF\/Chem model over Pearl River Delta","volume":"132","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Meteorol. Atmos. Phys."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Guangdong Statistical Yearbook on Agriculture Editorial Committee (2019). Guangdong Statistical Yearbook on Agriculture (2019), China Statistics Press."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00155203","article-title":"Drag and drag partition on rough surfaces","volume":"60","author":"Raupach","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bound. Layer Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00709229","article-title":"Simplified expressions for vegetation roughness length and zero-plane displacement as functions of canopy height and area index","volume":"71","author":"Raupach","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bound. Layer Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2005.07.017","article-title":"Bulk surface momentum parameters for satellite-derived vegetation fields","volume":"133","author":"Jasinski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(2002)015<1832:COTCLM>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Coupling of the Common Land Model to the NCAR Community Climate Model","volume":"15","author":"Zeng","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"309","article-title":"Study on Mean Forest Canopy Height Estimation Based on ICESat-GLAS Waveforms","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"For. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-15-00308.1","article-title":"The weather research and forecasting model: Overview, system efforts, and future directions","volume":"98","author":"Powers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1922","article-title":"Impact of refined land-cover data on WRF performance over the Pearl River Delta region, China","volume":"34","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Circumstantiae"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2021.118874","article-title":"Spatializing the roughness length of heterogeneous urban underlying surfaces to improve the WRF simulation-part 1: A review of morphological methods and model evaluation","volume":"270","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6305","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-6305-2020","article-title":"Worsening urban ozone pollution in China from 2013 to 2017\u2014Part 1: The complex and varying roles of meteorology","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10333","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-10333-2016","article-title":"One-year simulation of ozone and particulate matter in China using WRF\/CMAQ modeling system","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137697","article-title":"The role of anthropogenic chlorine emission in surface ozone formation during different seasons over eastern China","volume":"723","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D03303","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD016302","article-title":"Modeling of gas and aerosol with WRF\/Chem over Europe: Evaluation and sensitivity study","volume":"117","author":"Tuccella","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/10\/2686\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:39:52Z","timestamp":1760125192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/10\/2686"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15102686"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15102686","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]}}}