{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T19:29:16Z","timestamp":1768418956727,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2133216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2133216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper investigates the design of waveforms for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar systems that can exploit multipath returns to enhance target detection performance. By making reasonable use of multipath information in the waveform design, MIMO radar can effectively improve the signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) of the receiver under a constant modulus (CM) constraint. However, optimizing the waveform design under these constraints is a challenging non-linear and non-convex problem that cannot be easily solved using traditional methods. To overcome this challenge, we proposed a novel waveform design method for MIMO radar in multipath scenarios based on deep learning. Specifically, we leveraged the powerful nonlinear fitting ability of neural networks to solve the non-convex optimization problem. First, we constructed a deep residual network and transform the CM constraint into a phase sequence optimization problem. Next, we used the constructed waveform optimization design problem as the loss function of the network. Finally, we used the adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimizer to train the network. Simulation results demonstrated that our proposed method outperformed existing methods by achieving better SINR values for the receiver.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15112747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T02:00:19Z","timestamp":1685066419000},"page":"2747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["MIMO Radar Waveform Design for Multipath Exploitation Using Deep Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2410-363X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zixiang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}]},{"given":"Hanfeng","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}]},{"given":"Jinfan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}]},{"given":"Junxian","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, Second Research Institute of CAAC, Chengdu 610041, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1974.9509","article-title":"Low-angle radar tracking","volume":"62","author":"Barton","year":"1974","journal-title":"Proc. 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