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In this study, we investigated the impact of climatic fluctuations on forest growth in a complex terrain, in Anhui Province of China, using Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), while considering the impact of terrain characteristics and forest types. Our regional-scale analysis found that the forest response to climatic drivers in Anhui Province is not homogeneous, with only 69% of the forest area driven by temperature (TEM), while 11% is precipitation (PRE) driven and 20% is solar radiation (SWD) driven. We also found with random forest models that terrain traits (elevation and slope) contributed significantly (29.47% and 27.96%) to the spatial heterogeneity of forest response to climatic drivers, with higher elevation associated with a stronger positive correlation between the EVI and temperature (p &lt; 0.001), a weaker positive correlation between the EVI with precipitation (p &lt; 0.001), and a stronger negative correlation between the EVI with solar radiation (p &lt; 0.01), while forest type contributed the least (4.21%). Our results also imply that in a warmer and dryer climate, some forest patches may switch from TEM driven to PRE driven, which could lead to a decrease in forest productivity, instead of an increase as predicted by existing climate models. These results highlight the heterogeneous response of forests within close vicinity to climate fluctuations in a complex terrain, which has important implications for climate-related risk assessments and local forest management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15112749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T02:00:19Z","timestamp":1685066419000},"page":"2749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Satellite Evidence for Divergent Forest Responses within Close Vicinity to Climate Fluctuations in a Complex Terrain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China"},{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Center of Resource Environment and GIS, Wuhu 241002, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3810-6719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Pace University, New York, NY 10038, USA"}]},{"given":"Peipei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China"},{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Center of Resource Environment and GIS, Wuhu 241002, China"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China"},{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Center of Resource Environment and GIS, Wuhu 241002, China"}]},{"given":"Donghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China"}]},{"given":"Zuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China"},{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Center of Resource Environment and GIS, Wuhu 241002, China"}]},{"given":"Yuanhong","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China"},{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Center of Resource Environment and GIS, Wuhu 241002, China"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Rafaniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Pace University, New York, NY 10038, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1126\/science.263.5144.185","article-title":"Carbon Pools and Flux of Global Forest Ecosystems","volume":"263","author":"Dixon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155121","article-title":"Forests and Climate Change: Forcings, Feedbacks, and the Climate Benefits of Forests","volume":"320","author":"Bonan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2017.05.015","article-title":"Inter-Annual Variability of Net and Gross Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes: A Review","volume":"249","author":"Baldocchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. 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