{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T01:41:43Z","timestamp":1773106903243,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62131020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62131020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The deception jamming method based on Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) for Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) has been a widely studied topic in recent decades. Typically, jamming signals generated using two-dimensional or three-dimensional false target models can create realistic false targets on the ISAR image. However, existing deception jamming methods cannot eliminate or revise the original echo, which can be retained by multiple anti-jamming methods once the radar judges out receiving the jamming signal. Additionally, these methods require large storage space for the models. Otherwise, the false targets cannot be generated realistically. To address these issues, this paper proposes a jamming signal generation algorithm based on two-dimensional template multiplication modulation and template time delay. The frequency shift and time delay relationship between the signals intercepted by the jammer and the real target echo is analyzed and derived in detail. With the use of these detailed derivations, it is possible to add and remove scatters by precisely locating the false scatter on the real ISAR image. The real target\u2019s shape naturally changes as a result of the addition and removal of scatters. Furthermore, this method can adaptively change the resolution of the false target\u2019s ISAR image with the radar pulse width and the accumulated pulse number. Meanwhile, the false target size on the ISAR image can be adjusted adaptively by altering the false template resolution. These features of the proposed method offer increased flexibility and efficiency for deception jamming. By accurately determining the position of false scatter on the ISAR image, this method offers improved performance compared with the existing techniques. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed deception jamming method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15112762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T02:00:19Z","timestamp":1685066419000},"page":"2762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["An ISAR Shape Deception Jamming Method Based on Template Multiplication and Time Delay"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3456-9751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying-Xi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"},{"name":"The Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Sensing and Understanding, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"},{"name":"The Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Sensing and Understanding, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2710-4630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi-Chao","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4189-9206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia-Cheng","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"},{"name":"The Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Sensing and Understanding, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3157-4886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"},{"name":"The Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Sensing and Understanding, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1258-7382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao-Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2005.851540","article-title":"Adaptive inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging for nonuniformly moving targets","volume":"2","author":"Du","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. 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