{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T08:31:15Z","timestamp":1773736275069,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41701487"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41701487"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42230112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41871354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41871354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42071346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State Scholarship Fund of China","award":["41701487"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41701487"]}]},{"name":"State Scholarship Fund of China","award":["42230112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230112"]}]},{"name":"State Scholarship Fund of China","award":["41871354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41871354"]}]},{"name":"State Scholarship Fund of China","award":["42071346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071346"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As the largest freshwater lake in China, Poyang Lake is an internationally important wetland and the largest migratory bird habitat in Asia. Many sub-lakes distributed in the lake basin are seasonal lakes, which have a significant impact on hydro-ecological processes and are susceptible to various changes. In this study, using multi-source remote sensing data, a continuous time-series construction method of water coverage suitable in Poyang Lake was developed. That method combined the downscaling of the MNDWI (modified normalized difference water index) with the ISODATA (iterative self-organizing data analysis technique algorithm), and its accuracy can be up to 97% in the months when Landsat 8 is available or 87% when it is unavailable. Based on that method, the increasing variation in water coverage was observed in the sub-lakes of Poyang Lake during 2013\u20132020 to be within a range of 200\u2013690 km2 normally. The center of the sub-lakes always remained inundated (&gt;80% inundation frequency), while the surrounding areas were probably kept dry for seven months (except for June to September). The dominant influencing factors of water coverage variations were different in different hydrological periods (wet season and dry\u2013wet season: discharge; dry season: temperature and wind speed; wet\u2013dry season: temperature and precipitation). In addition, \u201creturning farmland to lakes\u201d affected the increase in the water area in the sub-lakes. This study is helpful for the management of water resources and the protection of migratory birds in the Poyang Lake region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15112788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T16:17:33Z","timestamp":1685204253000},"page":"2788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water Coverage in the Sub-Lakes of Poyang Lake Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chunyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Corp., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China"}]},{"given":"Wenying","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Water Resources and Environment Assessment Using Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"}]},{"given":"Tengteng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Water Resources and Environment Assessment Using Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"}]},{"given":"Guiping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"}]},{"given":"Yongtuo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Corp., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China"}]},{"given":"Qifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Corp., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China"}]},{"given":"Zhixia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Water Resources and Environment Assessment Using Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"}]},{"given":"Yingbao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Water Resources and Environment Assessment Using Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3176-8218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Water Resources and Environment Assessment Using Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2020.125161","article-title":"Forty-years water body change of Poyang Lake and its ecological impact based on Landsat and HJ-1 A\/B observations","volume":"589","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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