{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:11:34Z","timestamp":1760148694539,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"US National Oceanographic Partnership Program","award":["MISST3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MISST3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Available observations and a theoretical simulation are used to explore the consistency and relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice concentration (SIC) within open-ocean-sea ice mixed satellite pixels as a function of grid resolution. The maximum limiting SST value for a specified SIC and spatial resolution is first examined within collocated satellite-derived products contained within existing Level 4 SST analyses distributed using the data specification from the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature. The shape of the interdependence is further validated with manually quality-controlled buoy SST and SIC collocations. A parametric equation for the limiting SST value is derived from simulations of a mixed ocean\/ice pixel with specified ice fraction and a linear SST gradient extending away from the ice edge. The exponential curve matching the observed interdependence suggests a maximum 5 km pixel-averaged SST at SIC values approaching zero between 6 and 8 \u00b0C. This maximum value is significantly greater than the previously assumed limiting values of ~3 \u00b0C and the corresponding SST gradient is larger than those typically observed with satellite SST products, but agrees well with recent Saildrone SST observations near ice. The curve provides a conservative limit with which inconsistent SST\/SIC pairings can be identified, not only near the ice edge but at intermediate ice concentrations. Application of the filter improves the agreement between the SST\/SIC relationship in satellite products and available Saildrone observations as well as the internal consistency of the different satellite products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15112908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T08:50:31Z","timestamp":1685695831000},"page":"2908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Examining the Consistency of Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Concentration in Arctic Satellite Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sandra L.","family":"Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, University of Colorado Boulder, 3775 Discovery Drive, 429 UCB, Boulder, CO 80303, USA"}]},{"given":"Gary A.","family":"Wick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOAA Physical Science Laboratory, R\/PSD2 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA"}]},{"given":"Steinar","family":"Eastwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Department, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 0313 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5083-1775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Physics Laboratory, Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1463-4832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasmus T.","family":"Tonboe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DTU-Space, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Castro, S. (2023, February 27). Sea Surface Temperature Metrics for Evaluating OSI SAF Sea Ice Concentration Products, OSI SAF Visiting Scientist Program Report, OSI_AS19_04. Available online: https:\/\/osi-saf.eumetsat.int\/sites\/osi-saf.eumetsat.int\/files\/inline-files\/OSI_VS19_04_DMI_VS_final_report_castro.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5145","DOI":"10.1175\/2008JCLI2292.1","article-title":"A New Sea surface Temperature and Sea Ice Boundary Dataset for the community Atmosphere Model","volume":"21","author":"Hurrell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-9-1797-2015","article-title":"Inter-comparison and evaluation of sea ice algorithms: Towards further identification of challenges and optimal approach using passive microwave observations","volume":"9","author":"Ivanova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-13-49-2019","article-title":"Version 2 of the EUMETSAT OSI SAF and ESA CCI sea-ice concentration climate data records","volume":"13","author":"Lavergne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.05.013","article-title":"Improved retrieval of sea ice total concentration from spaceborne passive microwave observations using Numerical Weather Prediction model fields: An intercomparison of nine algorithms","volume":"104","author":"Andersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.5958","article-title":"Pixel-scale evaluation of SSM\/I sea-ice algorithms in the marginal ice zone during early fall freeze-up","volume":"20","author":"Hwang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2021.3134021","article-title":"Simulated Geophysical Noise in Sea Ice Concentration Eestimates of Open Water and Snow-covered Sea Ice","volume":"15","author":"Tonboe","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3913","DOI":"10.1029\/JC091iC03p03913","article-title":"Reduction of weather effects in the calculation of sea ice concentration from microwave radiances","volume":"91","author":"Gloersen","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Cavalieri, D.J., Crawford, J.P., Drinkwater, M.R., Emery, W.J., Eppler, D.T., Farmer, L.D., Fowler, C.W., Goodberlet, M., Jentz, R.R., and Milman, A. (2023, February 24). NASA Sea Ice Validation Program for the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Special Sensor Microwave Imager: Final Report. NASA-TM-104559 1992. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 1992, Available online: https:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/api\/citations\/19920015007."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Lavergne, T., Tonboe, R., Lavelle, J., and Eastwood, S. (2023, February 28). Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document for the OSI SAF Global Sea Ice Concentration Climate Data Record, OSI-450, OSI-430-b, Version 1.2, 14 March 2019, EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice SAF High Latitude Processing Centre. Available online: https:\/\/osisaf-hl.met.no\/sites\/osisaf-hl\/files\/baseline_document\/osisaf_cdop3_ss2_atbd_sea-ice-conc-climate-data-record_v1p2.pdf."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0870.2010.00452.x","article-title":"Improving passive microwave sea ice concentration algorithms for coastal areas: Applications to the Baltic Sea","volume":"62","author":"Kalescke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tellus A"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Parkinson, C.L., Comiso, J.C., Zwally, H.J., Cavalieri, D.J., Gloersen, P., and Campbell, W.J. (2023, February 24). Arctic Sea Ice, 1973\u20131976: Satellite Passive-Microwave Observations; NASA-SP-489 1987, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, Washington, DC, Available online: https:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/citations\/19870015437."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"216","article-title":"The AMSR-E NT2 sea ice concentration algorithm: Its basis and implementation","volume":"29","author":"Markus","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Remote Sens. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Meier, W.N., Stroeve, J., Fetterer, F., Savoie, M., and Wilcox, H. (2023, February 24). Polar Stereographic Valid Ice Masks Derived from National Ice Center Monthly Sea Ice Climatologies, Version 1. User Guide. Boulder, CO, 2015, NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. Available online: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/M4PUJAQRI2DS."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Grumbine, R.W. (2023, February 27). A Posteriori Filtering of Sea Ice Concentration Analyses. NOAA\/NWS\/NCEP\/EMC MMAB Tech. Note 282, Available online: https:\/\/polar.ncep.noaa.gov\/mmab\/papers\/tn282\/posteriori.pdf."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-84-5-645","article-title":"A New High-Resolution Blended Real-Time Global Sea Surface Temperature Analysis","volume":"84","author":"Thiebaux","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Baordo, F., Vargas, L.F., and Howe, E. (2023, March 08). OSI SAF Product User Manual for Global Sea Ice Concentration Level 2 and Level 3, OSI-410-a, OSI-401-d, OSI-408-a. Version 1, 1\/11\/2022. Available online: https:\/\/osisaf-hl.met.no\/sites\/osisaf-hl\/files\/user_manuals\/osisaf_pum_ice-conc_l2-3_v1p0.pdf."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2022.113331","article-title":"A combined sea and sea-ice surface temperature climate dataset of the Arctic, 1982\u20132021","volume":"284","author":"Kolbe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2016.10.035","article-title":"Validation of satellite sea surface temperature analyses in the Beaufort Sea using UpTempO buoys","volume":"187","author":"Castro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.319","article-title":"The impact of satellite retrievals in a global sea-surface-temperature analysis","volume":"134","author":"Brasnett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Q. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JTECHO701.1","article-title":"Analysis and Forecasting of Sea Ice Conditions with Three-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation and a Coupled Ice-Ocean Model","volume":"27","author":"Caya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"GHRSST Science Team (2023, February 24). The Recommended GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) 2.0, Document Revision 5, Available online: https:\/\/podaactools.jpl.nasa.gov\/drive\/files\/OceanTemperature\/ghrsst\/docs\/GDS20r5.pdf."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2022.113377","article-title":"Assessing the ability of satellites to resolve spatial sea surface temperature variability-The Northwest Tropical Atlantic ATOMIC Region","volume":"284","author":"Wick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasquez-Cuervo, J., Castro, S.L., Steele, M., Gentemann, C., Gomez-Valdes, J., and Tang, W. (2022). Comparison of GHRSST SST Analysis in the Arctic Ocean and Alaskan Coastal Waters Using Saildrones. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14030692"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Good, S., Fiedler, E., Mao, C., Martin, M.J., Maycock, A., Reid, R., Robert-Jones, J., Searle, T., Waters, J., and While, J. (2020). The Current Configuration of the OSTIA System for Operational Production of Foundation Sea Surface Temperature and Ice Concentration Analyses. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12040720"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2010.10.017","article-title":"The Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) system","volume":"116","author":"Donlon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Mogensen, K.S., Alonso-Balmaseda, M., and Weaver, A. (2023, February 28). The NEMOVAR Ocean Data Assimilation System as Implemented in the ECMWF Ocean Analysis for System 4. ECMWF Tech. Memorandum 668, 2012, p. 59. ECMWF, Reading, UK. Available online: https:\/\/www.ecmwf.int\/en\/elibrary\/75708-nemovar-ocean-data-assimilation-system-implemented-ecmwf-ocean-analysis-system-4."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.1175\/2007JCLI1824.1","article-title":"Daily High-Resolution-Blended Analyses for Sea Surface Temperature","volume":"20","author":"Reynolds","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Tonboe, R., Lavelle, J., Pfiffer, R.-H., and Howe, E. (2023, February 28). Product User Manual for OSI SAF Global Sea Ice Concentration, Product OSI-401-b, Version 1.6. Tech. Rep. SAF\/OSI\/COP3\/DMI_MET\/TEC\/MA\/204. Danish Meteorological Institute. Available online: https:\/\/osisaf-hl.met.no\/sites\/osisaf-hl\/files\/user_manuals\/osisaf_cdop3_ss2_pum_ice-conc_v1p6.pdf."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.12.006","article-title":"Estimating background error covariance parameters and assessing their impact in the OSTIA system","volume":"176","author":"Bovis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.3644","article-title":"Improvements to feature resolution in the OSTIA sea surface temperature analysis using the NEMOVAR assimilation scheme","volume":"145","author":"Fiedler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29744","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusa.v68.29744","article-title":"A multiple length scale correlation operator for ocean data assimilation","volume":"68","author":"Mirouze","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tellus A Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/gdj3.20","article-title":"Sea surface temperature datasets for climate applications from Phase 1 of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (SST CCI)","volume":"1","author":"Merchant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geosci. Data J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-019-0236-x","article-title":"Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1981 for climate applications","volume":"6","author":"Merchant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Merchant, C.J., and The CCI SST Team (2023, February 28). SST-CCI-Phase-II, SST CCI Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (v2 Reprocessing). SST_CCI-ATBD-UOR-203, Issue 3. Available online: https:\/\/climate.esa.int\/media\/documents\/SST_cci_ATBD_UOR_v3.pdf."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2018.2805193","article-title":"Atmospheric correction of sea ice concentration retrievals for 89 GHz AMSR-E observations","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-15-00002.1","article-title":"A New High-Resolution Sea Surface Temperature Blended Analysis","volume":"98","author":"Maturi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11579","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61111579","article-title":"Reef-Scale Thermal Stress Monitoring of Coral Ecosystems: New 5-km Global Products from NOAA Coral Reef Watch","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Grumbine, R.W. (2023, February 27). Automated Sea Ice Concentration Analysis History at NCEP: 1996\u20132012. NOAA\/NWS\/NCEP\/EMC MMAB Tech. Note 321, Available online: https:\/\/polar.ncep.noaa.gov\/mmab\/papers\/tn321\/MMAB_321.pdf."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Gemmill, W., Katz, B., and Li, X. (2023, February 27). Daily Real-Time, Global Sea Surface Temperature High-Resolution Analysis: RTG_SST_HR. NOAA\/NWS\/NCEP\/EMC\/MMAB Tech. Note 260, Available online: http:\/\/polar.ncep.noaa.gov\/mmab\/papers\/tn260\/MMAB260.pdf."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-20-0166.1","article-title":"Improvements of the Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (DOISST) Version 2.1","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-8-165-2016","article-title":"A long-term record of blended satellite and in situ sea-surface temperature for climate monitoring, modeling, and environmental studies","volume":"8","author":"Banzon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-19-0177.1","article-title":"Improved Estimation of Proxy Sea Surface Temperature in the Arctic","volume":"37","author":"Banzon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-15-0093.1","article-title":"Assimilating Retrievals of Sea Surface Temperature from VIIRS and AMSR2","volume":"33","author":"Brasnett","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD002670","article-title":"Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century","volume":"108","author":"Rayner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/07055900.2012.747171","article-title":"A New Environment Canada Regional Ice Analysis System","volume":"51","author":"Buehner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Ocean"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Halliday, D., and Resnick, R. (1974). Fundamentals of Physics, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR-D-11-00097.1","article-title":"The Stratospheric Extension of the Canadian Global Deterministic Medium-Range Weather Forecasting System and Its Impact on Tropospheric Forecasts","volume":"140","author":"Charron","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Lavelle, J., Tonboe, R., Tian, T., Pfeiffer, R.-H., and Howe, E. (2023, March 01). Product User Manual for the OSI SAF AMSR-2 Global Sea Ice Concentration, Product OSI-408, Version 1.1. Tech. Rep. SAF\/OSI\/COP2\/DMI\/TEC\/265. The Danish Meteorological Institute. Available online: https:\/\/osisaf-hl.met.no\/sites\/osisaf-hl\/files\/user_manuals\/osisaf_cdop2_ss2_pum_amsr2-ice-conc_v1p1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-19-0015.1","article-title":"Saildrone: Adaptively Sampling the Marine Environment","volume":"101","author":"Gentemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640690","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.640697","article-title":"Exploring the Pacific Arctic Seasonal Ice Zone with Saildrone USVs","volume":"8","author":"Chiodi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1998)079<0397:OPOSSS>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Operational Processing of Satellite Sea Surface Temperature Retrievals at the Naval Oceanographic Office","volume":"79","author":"May","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3189\/172756401781818176","article-title":"Summer ice dynamics during SHEBA and its effect on the ocean heat content","volume":"33","author":"Perovich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18233","DOI":"10.1029\/JC095iC10p18233","article-title":"Solar heating of a stratified ocean in the presence of a static ice cover","volume":"95","author":"Perovich","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8048","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JC000449","article-title":"Aerial observations of the evolution of ice surface conditions during summer","volume":"107","author":"Perovich","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/11\/2908\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:48:08Z","timestamp":1760125688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/11\/2908"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15112908"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15112908","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]}}}