{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T23:23:25Z","timestamp":1774653805386,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41971245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42001229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exploring the complex relationship between ecological restoration and economic development is valuable for decision makers to formulate policy for sustainable development. The large-scale environmental restoration program\u2014Grain for Green\u2014was mainly implemented in the Loess Plateau of China to improve the soil retention service. However, whether this world-famous program affects local economic development has not been fully explored. In this study, using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model and spatializing the gross domestic product (GDP) based on the remotely sensed nightlight data, we explored the tradeoff between environment (i.e., soil retention service) and economy (i.e., GDP) for the Loess Plateau in a spatially explicit way. We found that the soil retention service increased prominently over the past 40 years, especially after implementing the Grain for Green project. Meanwhile, the GDP increased about nine-fold over the past four decades from 4.52 to 40.29 \u00d7 107 USD. A win\u2013win situation of soil retention and economic development was achieved in the Loess Plateau of China, particularly in the loess gully and loess hilly gully regions of the Loess Plateau. The win\u2013win situation of soil retention and economic development was as a result of the Grain for Green program, the optimization of industrial structure, and the increase in non-agriculture employment. Compared with previous studies, more spatial information was available for the Loess Plateau in this study, which is more valuable to policymakers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15123035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T01:59:07Z","timestamp":1686535147000},"page":"3035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Do Ecological Restoration Projects Undermine Economic Performance? A Spatially Explicit Empirical Study in Loess Plateau, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6296-636X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shicheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Resource Management, School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2783-0269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinqian","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Resource Management, School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2485-089X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basanta","family":"Paudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Nepal Geographical Society, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"},{"name":"Geo Planet Research Centre, Kathmandu 44619, Nepal"},{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Research and Studies, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2017.09.008","article-title":"Twenty years of ecosystem services: How far have we come and how far do we still need to go?","volume":"28","author":"Costanza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosyst. 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