{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:46:25Z","timestamp":1775745985589,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,10]],"date-time":"2023-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021QD128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QD128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M712163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M712163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["003160401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["003160401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022YQ36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022YQ36"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System","award":["ZR2021QD128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QD128"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System","award":["2022M712163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M712163"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System","award":["003160401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["003160401"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System","award":["ZR2022YQ36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022YQ36"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021QD128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QD128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M712163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M712163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["003160401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["003160401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022YQ36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022YQ36"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Program of Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart City","award":["ZR2021QD128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QD128"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Program of Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart City","award":["2022M712163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M712163"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Program of Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart City","award":["003160401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["003160401"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Program of Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart City","award":["ZR2022YQ36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022YQ36"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021QD128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QD128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M712163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M712163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["003160401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["003160401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022YQ36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022YQ36"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-intensity human activities have caused dramatic transformations of land function in China\u2019s coastal zone, putting enormous pressure on the region\u2019s ecological environment. It is urgent to fully understand the spatiotemporal evolution of the land-use function in the coastal zone to promote sustainable development. Therefore, based on CNLUCC data for 2000, 2010, and 2020, this study quantitatively explored the spatiotemporal evolution of production\u2013living\u2013ecological land (PLEL) and its eco-environmental response in China\u2019s coastal zone by using multiple land-use analysis methods, gradient analysis, and the eco-environmental quality index. The results showed that over the past 20 years, the production land (PL) continued to decrease, whereas the living land (LL) and blue ecological land (BEL) increased. In the vertical direction, PL and the ecological land (EL) dominated in the northern and the southern coastal zone, respectively. In the horizontal direction, with increasing distance from the coastline, the green ecological land (GEL) increased, whereas it was the opposite for BEL. The transformations of PLEL were high and low frequency in the north and south, respectively. From 2000 to 2020, the eco-environmental quality of China\u2019s coastal zone slightly degraded, with conditions that were \u201cexcellent in the south and poor in the north\u201d. The eco-environmental qualities of each sub-coastal zone gradually improved with increasing distance from the coastline. The main transformation types that led to eco-environmental improvement and degradation were from other production lands (OPL) to blue ecological land (BEL) and BEL to OPL, respectively. The findings will guide PLEL planning, eco-environmental protection, and science-based land usage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15123039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T01:59:07Z","timestamp":1686535147000},"page":"3039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Spatiotemporal Evolution of Production\u2013Living\u2013Ecological Land and Its Eco-Environmental Response in China\u2019s Coastal Zone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9755-0687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengshuo","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1643-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6776-2910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Yingjun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6980-2384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinghui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}]},{"given":"Huaqiao","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, D., Wang, Y., Shen, Z., Liao, J., Chen, J., and Sun, S. (2022). Long time-series mapping and change detection of coastal zone land use based on google earth engine and multi-source data fusion. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14010001"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2021.105950","article-title":"Coastal adaptation to climate change through zonation: A review of coastal change management areas (CCMAs) in England","volume":"215","author":"Kirby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocean Cosat. Manag."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-019-8266-y","article-title":"Object-based classification of cloudy coastal areas using medium-resolution optical and SAR images for vulnerability assessment of marine disaster","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oceanol. Limnol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8021","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12080-0","article-title":"Analysis of carbon emissions from land cover change during 2000 to 2020 in Shandong Province, China","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2021.105841","article-title":"Identification of land use conflicts in China\u2019s coastal zones: From the perspective of ecological security","volume":"213","author":"Zong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocean Cosat. Manag."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.117899","article-title":"Land use conflict identification and sustainable development scenario simulation on China\u2019s southeast coast","volume":"238","author":"Zou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2016.02.006","article-title":"Traditional coastal management practices and land use changes during the 16\u201320th centuries, Jiangsu Province, China","volume":"124","author":"Bao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocean Cosat. Manag."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J.J., and Su, F.Z. (2020). Land use change in the major bays along the coast of the South China Sea in southeast Asia from 1988 to 2018. Land, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/land9010030"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, F.S., Yang, X.M., Wang, Z.H., Liu, Y.M., and Liu, B. (2020). Changes and regional differences in urban land areas on both banks of the strait of Malacca based on remote sensing. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12229714"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"536","article-title":"Discussion on functional land use clarification system","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. BNU (Nat. Sci.)"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, D., Jiang, D., Fu, J.Y., Lin, G., and Zhang, J.L. (2020). Comprehensive assessment of Production-Living-Ecological space based on the coupling coordination degree model. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12052009"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, X.F., Yu, C., Wang, J.B., and Wang, M. (2020). The intensity analysis of Production Living Ecological land in Shandong Province, China. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12208326"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y.Y., Bao, W.K., Li, Y.H., Wang, Y.S., and Chen, Z.F. (2020). Land use transition and its eco-environmental effects in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration: A Production-Living-Ecological perspective. Land, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/land9090285"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s11769-018-0974-2","article-title":"Optimization transmission theory and technical pathways that describe multiscale urban agglomeration spaces","volume":"28","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. Geogr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"121","article-title":"Interpretation of mountain territory space and its optimized conceptual model and theoretical framework","volume":"35","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mt. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"121","article-title":"Ecological-Living-Productive land classification system in China","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Resour. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Yang, X.F. (2019). Study on the \u201cEcological-Living-Productive\u201d Land Classification System and Their Spatial Characteristics in Hebei Province. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Chang\u2019an University]. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2021.105457","article-title":"Identification and spatial-temporal evolution of rural \u201cproduction-living-ecological\u201d space from the perspective of villagers\u2019 behavior\u2014A case study of Ertai Town, Zhangjiakou City","volume":"106","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Land Use Pol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, C., Tu, X.Q., and Huang, A. (2021). Identification and characterization of production-living-ecological space in a central urban area based on POI data: A case study for Wuhan, China. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13147691"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, Y.Y., and Wang, Q.X. (2021). Quantitative recognition and characteristic analysis of production-living-ecological space evolution for five resource-based cities: Zululand, Xuzhou, Lota, Surf Coast and Ruhr. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13081563"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106512","article-title":"Coupling coordination analysis of rural production-living-ecological space in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region","volume":"117","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.10.143","article-title":"Conflict or coordination? Assessing land use multi-functionalization using production-living-ecology analysis","volume":"577","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, L.Y., Zhang, Y.J., Wang, L.Z., Mi, X.Y., Wu, X.Y., and Cheng, Z.L. (2021). Spatiotemporal evolution patterns of \u201cProduction-Living-Ecological\u201d spaces and the coordination level and optimization of the functions in Jilin province. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su132313192"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.108171","article-title":"What is the future for production-living-ecological spaces in the Greater Bay Area? A multi-scenario perspective based on DEE","volume":"131","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69093","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-15165-x","article-title":"Spatial analysis of production-living-ecological functions and zoning method under symbiosis theory of Henan, China","volume":"28","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-015-1204-9","article-title":"Does cultivated land function transition occur in China?","volume":"25","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-018-0734-1","article-title":"Rural land use bifurcation in the urban-rural gradient","volume":"21","author":"Warren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urban Ecosyst."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"38","article-title":"Analysis of land use changes in the coastal zone of Shandong Province from 1980 to 2015","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"SHH Land Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2020.104707","article-title":"Urbanization, land use transformation and spatio-environmental impacts: Analyses of trends and implications in major metropolitan regions of Ghana","volume":"96","author":"Asabere","year":"2020","journal-title":"Land Use Pol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecocom.2018.09.003","article-title":"Dynamic trade-off analysis of multiple ecosystem services under land use change scenarios: Towards putting ecosystem services into planning in Iran","volume":"36","author":"Asadolahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Complex."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.139","article-title":"The spatial association of ecosystem services with land use and land cover change at the county level in China, 1995\u20132015","volume":"669","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2015.04.023","article-title":"Land use transitions and their effects on water environment in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Land Use Pol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2014.10.011","article-title":"Effects of land use transitions due to rapid urbanization on ecosystem services: Implications for urban planning in the new developing area of China","volume":"44","author":"Long","year":"2014","journal-title":"Habitat Int."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"3927","article-title":"Land use transition in coastal area and its associated eco-environmental effect: A case study of coastal area in Fujian Province","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Circumstantiae"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"280","article-title":"The urban land use transformations and associated effects on eco-environment in northwest China arid region: A case study in Hexi region, Gansu province","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Quat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2014.07.009","article-title":"Environmental effects of land-use\/cover change caused by urbanization and policies in Southwest China Karst area\u2014A case study of Guiyang","volume":"44","author":"Yan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Habitat Int."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972786","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.972786","article-title":"Production\u2013living\u2013ecological space transition and its eco-environmental effects based on an improved areaweighted method: A case study of Gangcheng District, a typical industrial base in China","volume":"10","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Li, P., Pan, J., Zhang, Y., Dang, X., Cao, X., Cui, J., and Yang, Z. (2022). Eco-Environmental Effects and Spatial Heterogeneity of \u201cProduction-Ecology-Living\u201d Land Use Transformation: A Case Study for Ningxia, China. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14159659"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, K., Zhang, B., Xiao, W., and Lu, Y. (2022). Land Use Transformation Based on Production\u2013Living\u2013Ecological Space and Associated Eco-Environment Effects: A Case Study in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Land, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/land11071076"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Y., Xia, S., Xue, D., Luo, S., Zhang, L., and Wang, D. (2022). Land Space Change Process and Its Eco-Environmental Effects in the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration of China. Land, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/land11091547"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, X., Ding, J., Lu, B., Wan, Y., Shi, L., and Wen, Q. (2022). Eco-Environmental Effects of Changes in Territorial Spatial Pattern and Their Driving Forces in Qinghai, China (1980\u20132020). Land, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/land11101772"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Liu, Y., and Tu, S. (2022). Comprehensive Eco-Environmental Effects Caused by Land Use Transition from the Perspective of Production\u2013Living\u2013Ecological Spaces in a Typical Region: A Case Study of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Land, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/land11122160"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-016-5312-5","article-title":"Assessment of eco-environmental quality of Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone","volume":"188","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18348","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-17978-2","article-title":"Information entropy and elasticity analysis of the land use structure change influencing ecoenvironmental quality in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1990 to 2015","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"8","article-title":"Integrated coastal zone management based on land and sea integration: From planning to legislation","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Land"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11769-014-0707-0","article-title":"Spatial-temporal characteristics of land use intensity of coastal zone in China during 2000\u20132010","volume":"25","author":"Di","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. Geogr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, P., Hou, X., and Xu, H. (2022). Dynamic Expansion of Urban Land in China\u2019s Coastal Zone since 2000. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14040916"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"76","article-title":"Remote sensing monitoring based analysis of the spatio-temporal changing characteristics of regional urban expansion and urban land cover in China\u2019s coastal zones","volume":"34","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Nat. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"101","article-title":"Analysis of land use change in the coastal zone of Circum the Bohai Sea Region during 2000 to 2010","volume":"39","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2023.106555","article-title":"Sea Reclamation in Mainland China: Process, Pattern, and Management","volume":"127","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Land Use Pol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-014-1082-6","article-title":"Spatiotemporal characteristics, patterns and causes of land use changes in China since the late 1980s","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geog. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"1056","article-title":"Remotely sensed mapping and analysis of spatio-temporal patterns of land use change across China in 2015\u20132020","volume":"77","author":"Kuang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pang, R., Hu, N., Zhou, J., Sun, D., and Ye, H. (2022). Study on Eco-Environmental Effects of Land-Use Transitions and Their Influencing Factors in the Central and Southern Liaoning Urban Agglomeration: A Production\u2013Living\u2013Ecological Perspective. Land, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/land11060937"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004274","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.1004274","article-title":"Land-use function evolution and eco-environmental effects in the tarim river basin from the perspective of production\u2013living\u2013ecological space","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, P.P., Li, F., Sun, X., Liu, Y.L., Chen, X.C., and Hu, D. (2021). Assessment of land-use\/cover changes and its ecological effect in rapidly urbanized areas-taking Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration as a case. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13095075"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2019.105777","article-title":"Effects of land-use change on eco-environmental quality in Hainan Island, China","volume":"109","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.2112\/SI80-007.1","article-title":"Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of NPP in the Heihe river basin, northwestern China, in a recent 10-year period calculated by CASA model","volume":"80","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"1116","article-title":"The evolution of \u201cProduction-Living-Ecological\u201d space, eco-environmental effects and its influencing factors in China","volume":"36","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nat. Resour."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"97","article-title":"Land use transformation based on ecological-production-living spaces and associated eco-environment effects: A case study in the Yangtze River Delta","volume":"38","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.18306\/dlkxjz.2020.03.014","article-title":"Research progress of the identification and optimization of production-living-ecological spaces","volume":"39","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X.T., Hu, T.Y., Gong, P., Du, S.H., Chen, B., Li, X.C., and Dai, Q. (2021). Mapping essential urban land use categories in Beijing with a fast area of interest (AOI)-based method. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13030477"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/12\/3039\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:52:11Z","timestamp":1760125931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/12\/3039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,10]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15123039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15123039","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,10]]}}}