{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:26:40Z","timestamp":1769160400616,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["131352\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131352\/2021-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2013Brasil","award":["131352\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131352\/2021-0"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2013Brasil","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Global Affairs Canada","award":["131352\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131352\/2021-0"]}]},{"name":"Global Affairs Canada","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","award":["131352\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131352\/2021-0"]}]},{"name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Identifying urban patterns in the cities in the Brazilian Amazon can help to understand the impact of human actions on the environment, to protect local cultures, and secure the cultural heritage of the region. The objective of this study is to produce a classification of intra-urban patterns in Amazonian cities. Concretely, we produce a set of Urban and Socio-Environmental Patterns (USEPs) in the cities of Santar\u00e9m and Camet\u00e1 in Par\u00e1, Brazilian Amazon. The contributions of this study are as follows: (1) we use a reproducible research framework based on remote sensing data and machine learning techniques; (2) we integrate spatial data from various sources into a cellular grid, separating the variables into environmental, urban morphological, and socioeconomic dimensions; (3) we generate variables specific to the Amazonian context; and (4) we validate these variables by means of a field visit to Camet\u00e1 and comparison with patterns described in other works. Machine learning-based clustering is useful to identify seven urban patterns in Santar\u00e9m and eight urban patterns in Camet\u00e1. The urban patterns are semantically explainable and are consistent with the existing scientific literature. The paper provides reproducible and open research that uses only open software and publicly available data sources, making the data product and code available for modification and further contributions to spatial data science analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15123102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T02:01:40Z","timestamp":1686708100000},"page":"3102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identifying Urban and Socio-Environmental Patterns of Brazilian Amazonian Cities by Remote Sensing and Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6748-2038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Dias","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7054-4463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina Moutinho Duque","family":"de Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo Andr\u00e9 09210-580, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6912-9919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"P\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4314-7291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvana","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"UN-HABITAT (2022). 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