{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T08:00:28Z","timestamp":1776412828094,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42101321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M701653"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M701653"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project","award":["42101321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101321"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project","award":["2021M701653"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M701653"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The forest fire burned area is one of the most basic factors used to describe forest fires and plays a vital role in damage assessment. The development of the NSSI-NDVI vegetation index triangular space method enables simultaneous calculation of the flammable non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV), combustible photosynthetic vegetation (PV), and incombustible bare soil (BS) fractional cover in forest areas. This can be used to compensate for the calculation method that was based on NDVI vegetation index only by comparing vegetation cover before and after forest fires, with the omission of the NPV burned area. To this end, the NSSI-NDVI triangular space shape consistency before and after forest fires was elucidated through combustion and ash wetting experiments. In addition, the feasibility of the NSSI-NDVI triangular space method for the accurate calculation of the post-fire vegetation damage area was verified. Finally, the applicability and accuracy of this research method were verified based on 10 m spatial resolution satellite hyperspectral images from before and after the forest fire in Lushan, Sichuan Province, China. The NSSI-NDVI triangular space method was used to calculate the PV, NPV, and BS coverage simultaneously, and component transformation was used to calculate the burned area and burned site separately.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15123115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T02:03:19Z","timestamp":1686794599000},"page":"3115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Estimation of Forest Fire Burned Area by Distinguishing Non-Photosynthetic and Photosynthetic Vegetation Using Triangular Space Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9393-3624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoqiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2099-7162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhuhai Orbita Aerospace Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0986-6479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingjiu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhuhai Orbita Aerospace Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8766-8465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuicui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianjing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam7672","article-title":"Using fire to promote biodiversity","volume":"355","author":"Kelly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2008.11.017","article-title":"Development of a framework for fire risk assessment using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies","volume":"221","author":"Chuvieco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol. 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