{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T18:51:15Z","timestamp":1775933475456,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within the CzeCOS program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LM2023048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LM2023048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within the CzeCOS program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MUNI\/A\/1323\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MUNI\/A\/1323\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within the CzeCOS program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SGS23\/052\/OHK1\/1T\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGS23\/052\/OHK1\/1T\/11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010653","name":"Grant Agency of the Masaryk University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LM2023048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LM2023048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010653","name":"Grant Agency of the Masaryk University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MUNI\/A\/1323\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MUNI\/A\/1323\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010653","name":"Grant Agency of the Masaryk University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SGS23\/052\/OHK1\/1T\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGS23\/052\/OHK1\/1T\/11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007655","name":"internal grant CTU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LM2023048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LM2023048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007655","name":"internal grant CTU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MUNI\/A\/1323\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MUNI\/A\/1323\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007655","name":"internal grant CTU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SGS23\/052\/OHK1\/1T\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGS23\/052\/OHK1\/1T\/11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Synergies of optical, thermal and laser scanning remotely sensed data provide valuable information to study the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. One of the few fully operational airborne multi-sensor platforms for ecosystem research in Europe is the Flying Laboratory of Imaging Systems (FLIS), operated by the Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The system consists of three commercial imaging spectroradiometers. One spectroradiometer covers the visible and near-infrared, and the other covers the shortwave infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. These two provide full spectral data between 380\u20132450 nm, mainly for the assessment of biochemical properties of vegetation, soil and water. The third spectroradiometer covers the thermal long-wave infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum and allows for mapping of surface emissivity and temperature properties. The fourth instrument onboard is the full waveform laser scanning system, which provides data on landscape orography and 3D structure. Here, we describe the FLIS design, data acquisition plan and primary data pre-processing. The synchronous acquisition of multiple data sources provides a complex analytical and data framework for the assessment of vegetation ecosystems (such as plant species composition, plant functional traits, biomass and carbon stocks), as well as for studying the role of greenery or blue-green infrastructure on the thermal behaviour of urban systems. In addition, the FLIS airborne infrastructure supports calibration and validation activities for existing and upcoming satellite missions (e.g., FLEX, PRISMA).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15123130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T02:02:20Z","timestamp":1686880940000},"page":"3130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Flying Laboratory of Imaging Systems: Fusion of Airborne Hyperspectral and Laser Scanning for Ecosystem Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5336-8437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Hanu\u0161","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe), B\u011blidla 986\/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Geomatics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Th\u00e1kurova 7, 166 29 Prague 6, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4226-123X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luk\u00e1\u0161","family":"Slez\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe), B\u011blidla 986\/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Fabi\u00e1nek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe), B\u011blidla 986\/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Luk\u00e1\u0161","family":"Fajmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe), B\u011blidla 986\/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6230-6246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Hanousek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe), B\u011blidla 986\/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1830-7556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u016f\u017eena","family":"Janoutov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe), B\u011blidla 986\/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kopk\u00e1n\u011b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe), B\u011blidla 986\/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Novotn\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe), B\u011blidla 986\/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2743-6296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karel","family":"Pavelka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Th\u00e1kurova 7, 166 29 Prague 6, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7155-6351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslav","family":"Pikl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe), B\u011blidla 986\/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7564-7296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franti\u0161ek","family":"Zemek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe), B\u011blidla 986\/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice, Studentsk\u00e1 1668, 370 05 \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7455-2834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucie","family":"Homolov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe), B\u011blidla 986\/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12261","article-title":"Satellite Remote Sensing for Applied Ecologists: Opportunities and Challenges","volume":"51","author":"Pettorelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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