{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:36:56Z","timestamp":1776299816501,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,18]],"date-time":"2023-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2031138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2031138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022-JCJQ-JJ-0395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-JCJQ-JJ-0395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Defense Science and Technology 173 Program Technology Field Fund of China","award":["U2031138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2031138"]}]},{"name":"National Defense Science and Technology 173 Program Technology Field Fund of China","award":["2022-JCJQ-JJ-0395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-JCJQ-JJ-0395"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the case of a boom in space resource development, space debris will increase dramatically and cause serious problems for the spacecraft in orbit. To address this problem, a novel context sensing-YOLOv5 (CS-YOLOv5) is proposed for small and weak space object detection, which could realize the extraction of local context information and the enhancement and fusion of spatial information. To enhance the expression ability of feature information and the identification ability of the network, we propose the cross-layer context fusion module (CCFM) through multiple branches in parallel to learn the context information of different scales. At the same time, to map the small-scale features sequentially to the features of the previous layer, we design the adaptive weighting module (AWM) to assist the CCFM in further enhancing the expression of features. Additionally, to solve the problem that the spatial information of small objects is easily lost, we designed the spatial information enhancement module (SIEM) to adaptively learn the weak spatial information of small objects that need to be protected. To further enhance the generalization ability of CS-YOLOv5, we propose a contrast mosaic data augmentation to enrich the diversity of the sample. Extensive experiments are conducted on self-built datasets, which strongly prove the effectiveness of our method in space object detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15123169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T01:59:51Z","timestamp":1687139991000},"page":"3169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["An Intelligent Detection Method for Small and Weak Objects in Space"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2445-1394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuman","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9978-8250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Panfeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China"},{"name":"Shandong Aerospace Electronics Technology Research Institute, Yantai 264670, China"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Research Institute of High-Tech, Xi\u2019an 710025, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, September 14). 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