{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T14:10:34Z","timestamp":1775571034241,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"EU H2020 research and innovation programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101004211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101004211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"EU H2020 research and innovation programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-111435RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-111435RB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"EU H2020 research and innovation programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAID-06-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAID-06-22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities","award":["101004211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101004211"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities","award":["PID2019-111435RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-111435RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities","award":["PAID-06-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAID-06-22"]}]},{"name":"Margarita Salas contract within the Re-qualification programme by the Ministry of Universities financed by the European Union\u2013NextGenerationEU","award":["101004211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101004211"]}]},{"name":"Margarita Salas contract within the Re-qualification programme by the Ministry of Universities financed by the European Union\u2013NextGenerationEU","award":["PID2019-111435RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-111435RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Margarita Salas contract within the Re-qualification programme by the Ministry of Universities financed by the European Union\u2013NextGenerationEU","award":["PAID-06-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAID-06-22"]}]},{"name":"Primeros Proyectos de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["101004211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101004211"]}]},{"name":"Primeros Proyectos de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["PID2019-111435RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-111435RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Primeros Proyectos de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["PAID-06-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAID-06-22"]}]},{"name":"Vicerrectorado de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV)","award":["101004211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101004211"]}]},{"name":"Vicerrectorado de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV)","award":["PID2019-111435RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-111435RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Vicerrectorado de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV)","award":["PAID-06-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAID-06-22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>SAET (Shoreline Analysis and Extraction Tool) is a novel open-source tool to enable the completely automatic detection of shoreline position changes using the optical imagery acquired by the Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 and 9 satellites. SAET has been developed within the ECFAS (European Coastal Flood Awareness System) project, which is intended to be the first European service for coastal flood forecasting, management, and recovery analysis. The tool is developed to characterise the shoreline response associated with punctual events such as coastal storms as well as any other phenomenon. For a given beach segment, SAET facilitates the selection of the satellite images closest in time to the analysed events that offer an adequate cloud coverage level for analysing the shoreline change. Subsequently, the tool automatically downloads the images from their official repositories, pre-processes them and extracts the shoreline position with sub-pixel accuracy. In order to do so, an initial approximate definition of the shoreline is carried out at the pixel level using a water index thresholding, followed by an accurate extraction operating on the shortwave infrared bands to produce a sub-pixel line in vector formats (points and lines). The tool offers different settings to be adapted to the different coastal environments and beach typologies. Its main advantages refer to its autonomy, its efficiency in extracting complete satellite scenes, its flexibility in adapting to different environments and conditions, and its high subpixel accuracy. This work presents an accuracy assessment on a long Mediterranean sandy beach of SDSs extracted from L8 and S2 imagery against coincident alongshore reference lines, showing an accuracy of about 3 m RMSE. At the same time, the work shows an example of the usage of SAET for characterising the response to Storm Gloria (January 2020) on the beaches of Valencia (E Spain). SAET provides an efficient and completely automatic workflow that leads to accurate SDSs while only relying on publicly available information. The tool appears to be a useful extraction tool for beach monitoring, both for public administrations and individual users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15123198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T02:01:33Z","timestamp":1687312893000},"page":"3198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Shoreline Analysis and Extraction Tool (SAET): A New Tool for the Automatic Extraction of Satellite-Derived Shorelines with Subpixel Accuracy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Palomar-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geo-Environmental Cartography and Remote Sensing Group, Department of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera s\/n, 46022 Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0471-9795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep E.","family":"Pardo-Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geo-Environmental Cartography and Remote Sensing Group, Department of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera s\/n, 46022 Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Almonacid-Caballer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geo-Environmental Cartography and Remote Sensing Group, Department of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera s\/n, 46022 Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0596-4920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Cabezas-Rabad\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geo-Environmental Cartography and Remote Sensing Group, Department of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera s\/n, 46022 Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"},{"name":"UMR 5805, Bordeaux INP, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux-CNRS, F-33600 Pessac, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"Beach nourishment has complex implications for the future of sandy shores","volume":"2","author":"Ludka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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