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However, training classifiers by remote sensing classification features for early crop prediction can be challenging, as early-season mapping can only use remote sensing image data during part of the crop growth period. In order to overcome this limitation, this study takes the Sanjiang Plain as an example to investigate the earliest identification time of rice, maize and soybean based on Sentinel-2 time-series data and the random forest classification algorithm. Crop information extraction was then performed. Following the analysis of the remote sensing classification features by the random forest importance approach and the subsequent normalization, the optimal features greater than or equal to 0.5 have yielded quite results in early crop mapping, and their overall accuracy was the highest in early-season mapping. The overall accuracy was observed to improve by 5% for 10 to 20 days of delay. In addition, rice, maize, and soybean were mapped at the irrigation transplanting period (10 May), jointing stage (9 July) and flowering (29 July), with an overall accuracy of 90.4%, 90.0% and 90.9%, respectively. This study shows that features suitable for early crop classification can be selected by random forest importance analysis as well as the ability of remote sensing to extract crop acreage information within the reproductive period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15133212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T03:18:38Z","timestamp":1687317518000},"page":"3212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Early Crop Mapping Based on Sentinel-2 Time-Series Data and the Random Forest Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"},{"name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huichun","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuting","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"},{"name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronghao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaojia","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingrui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China"},{"name":"School of Management, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Beijing 100125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2011.04.026","article-title":"Effects of urbanization and industrialization on agricultural land use in Shandong Peninsula of China","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecol. 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