{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T07:26:05Z","timestamp":1771053965684,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The height (zi) of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) is a fundamental parameter for several areas of knowledge, especially for weather and climate forecasting, pollutant dispersion and air quality. In this work, we used data from a remote sensing instrument (ceilometer), located at the experimental site of the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) in the Central Amazonia rainforest, in order to obtain the height of the ABL. Data used were obtained from 2014 to 2020, with the exception of the year 2017. The results showed that the zi average varies from year to year (interannual variability) and the average of the maximum zi values (zi_max) was approximately 1400 \u00b1 277 m, occurring at 15:00 local time. In addition, it was found that these maximum heights are higher in the dry season and during El Ni\u00f1o years (about 1741 \u00b1 242 m) and they are lower during the wet period and in La Ni\u00f1a years (1263 \u00b1 229 m). Taking into account all the years investigated, the month with the highest zi_max value is September (1710 \u00b1 253 m), and the month with the lowest value is May (1108 \u00b1 152 m). Finally, it was observed that the growth rate of the ABL during the early hours after sunrise varies from month to month (intraseasonal variability), reaching its maximum values in September and October (about 210 \u00b1 53 m h\u22121 and 217 \u00b1 59 m h\u22121, respectively) and minimum values in April and July (approximately 159 \u00b1 48 m h\u22121 and 159 \u00b1 50 m h\u22121, respectively). It is concluded that the values of zi in Central Amazonia are influenced by several seasonal factors (temperature, cloud cover, turbulent heat flux, etc.) which gives it a wide variability in terms of heights and growth rates. Additionally, a linear regression was proposed in order to model the maximum zi value as a function of its growth rate from 08:00 LT (Local Time) up to 10:00 LT. The results showed a good correlation compared with the experimental values.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15133261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T03:14:56Z","timestamp":1687749296000},"page":"3261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Long-Term Measurements of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height in Central Amazonia Using Remote Sensing Instruments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Carla Maria Alves","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Federal Institute of Par\u00e1 (IFPA), Av. Almirante Barroso, Bel\u00e9m 66093-020, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA-CLIAMB), Av. Andr\u00e9 Ara\u00fajo, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4783-4689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9o Quaresma","family":"Dias-J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Federal Institute of Par\u00e1 (IFPA), Av. Almirante Barroso, Bel\u00e9m 66093-020, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA-CLIAMB), Av. Andr\u00e9 Ara\u00fajo, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1123-6441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio Augusto F.","family":"D\u2019Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Federal Institute of Par\u00e1 (IFPA), Av. Almirante Barroso, Bel\u00e9m 66093-020, PA, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9059-2502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hardiney Santos","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Federal Institute of Par\u00e1 (IFPA), Av. Almirante Barroso, Bel\u00e9m 66093-020, PA, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4403-0191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rayonil Gomes","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12227-010, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1223-6665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Takeshi Tanaka","family":"Portela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA-CLIAMB), Av. Andr\u00e9 Ara\u00fajo, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6668-9988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilberto","family":"Fisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12227-010, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Agricultural Science Division, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Taubat\u00e9 (UNITAU), Estrada Municipal Jos\u00e9 Lu\u00eds Cembraneli, Taubat\u00e9 12080-000, SP, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stull, R.B. (1988). 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