{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T15:17:04Z","timestamp":1772205424417,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB0504900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB0504900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB0504905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB0504905"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41675036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41675036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB0504900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB0504900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB0504905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB0504905"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41675036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41675036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The on-orbit radiometric calibration is a fundamental task in quantitative remote sensing applications. A widely used calibration method is the cross-calibration based on Simultaneous Nadir Observation (SNO), which involves using high-precision reference instruments to calibrate lower-precision onboard instruments. However, despite efforts to match the observation time, spatial location, field geometry, and instrument spectra, errors can still be introduced during the matching processes and linear regression analysis. This paper focuses on the error generated by sample matching and the error fitting method generated by the sample fitting method. An error propagation analysis is performed to develop a generic model for assessing the uncertainty of the SNO cross-calibration method itself in meteorological satellite infrared channels. The model is validated using the payload parameters of the Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (HIRAS) and the Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) instruments aboard the FengYun-3D (FY-3D). Simulation experiments are performed considering typical bright temperatures, different background fields, and varying matching threshold conditions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in capturing the error propagation chain in the SNO cross-calibration process. The model provides valuable insight into error analysis in the SNO cross-calibration method and can assist in determining the optimal sample matching threshold for achieving radiometric calibration accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15133313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T01:15:47Z","timestamp":1688001347000},"page":"3313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Uncertainty of SNO Cross-Calibration for Satellite Infrared Channels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhong","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2390-899X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huixing","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System of Ministry of Education of China, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5284-6409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiuqing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7115-1389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouvet, M., Thome, K., Berthelot, B., Bialek, A., Czapla-Myers, J., Fox, N.P., Goryl, P., Henry, P., Ma, L., and Marcq, S. 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