{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:17:32Z","timestamp":1760149052739,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42101115","52179026","42201133","2022YFF1303301","22JR5RA068","SXDJ2019-8","2018-JC08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101115","52179026","42201133","2022YFF1303301","22JR5RA068","SXDJ2019-8","2018-JC08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42101115","52179026","42201133","2022YFF1303301","22JR5RA068","SXDJ2019-8","2018-JC08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101115","52179026","42201133","2022YFF1303301","22JR5RA068","SXDJ2019-8","2018-JC08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province, China","award":["42101115","52179026","42201133","2022YFF1303301","22JR5RA068","SXDJ2019-8","2018-JC08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101115","52179026","42201133","2022YFF1303301","22JR5RA068","SXDJ2019-8","2018-JC08"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, MNR","award":["42101115","52179026","42201133","2022YFF1303301","22JR5RA068","SXDJ2019-8","2018-JC08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101115","52179026","42201133","2022YFF1303301","22JR5RA068","SXDJ2019-8","2018-JC08"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation","award":["42101115","52179026","42201133","2022YFF1303301","22JR5RA068","SXDJ2019-8","2018-JC08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101115","52179026","42201133","2022YFF1303301","22JR5RA068","SXDJ2019-8","2018-JC08"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a major component of water cycle, the accuracy quantification of different precipitation products is critical for evaluating climate change and ecosystem functions. However, a lack of evidence is available to choose a precise precipitation product in relative applications. Here, to solve this limit, we analyze the spatiotemporal pattern and accuracy of four precipitation products, including CHIRPS V2.0, PERSIANN-CDR, ECMWF ERA5-Land, and GLDAS_NOAH025_3H, over China during the period of 1981\u20132020, based on the five precipitation traits (i.e., spatial pattern of multi-year average, annual trend, seasonality, frequency, and intensity), and meteorological gauge observations are taken as the benchmark. Our results show that, compared to other products, CHIRPS data has the strongest ability to present spatial pattern of multi-year average precipitation, especially in most parts of northeastern and southern China, and ERA5 has the weakest ability to simulate the multi-year average precipitation. All four precipitation products can accurately depict the spatial pattern of seasonality, among which CHIRPS and ERA5 have the highest and lowest fitting ability, respectively, but four products poorly describe the spatial pattern of precipitation intensity and frequency at a daily scale. These products only correctly predict the interannual precipitation trend in some local areas. Our findings provide evidences to select high-quality precipitation data, and could help to improve the accuracy of relative geophysical models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15133355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:49:27Z","timestamp":1688345367000},"page":"3355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the Best-Matching Precipitation Traits in Four Long-Term Mainstream Products over China from 1981 to 2020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xuejiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Land and Resources, School of Land Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2901-3011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jutao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5469-1738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Ao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Land and Resources, School of Land Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5557-0156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6862-4106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linshan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Xinwei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Yongge","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Tuo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12888","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703421114","article-title":"Wetter subtropics in a warmer world: Contrasting past and future hydrological cycles","volume":"114","author":"Burls","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. 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