{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T23:39:26Z","timestamp":1784331566210,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]],"date-time":"2023-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Being a component of the Eastern Boundary Upwelling (EBU) ecosystem, Morocco\u2019s Atlantic coast presents high biological production throughout the year, with seasonal variations in upwelling dynamics. This characterization reflects the inherent nature of EBU\u2019s ecosystems. In this work, we develop a novel methodology to compute a new upwelling index based on the analysis of sea surface temperature (SST) images. Our new upwelling index is not only simple to calculate but also efficient. Indeed, it is limited only to the upwelling region, which has allowed the improvement of the quantification and analysis of the seasonal and interannual variability of the upwelling dynamics. The new proposed upwelling index is based on the application of a recent segmentation method that allows for the monitoring of upwelling dynamics using satellite observations. The proposed upwelling index is applied to a 40-year database of weekly SST images covering the period from 1982 to 2021, and the results are used to analyze seasonal and interannual variations of the upwelling in the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15143459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:47:35Z","timestamp":1688950055000},"page":"3459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A New Upwelling Index for the Moroccan Atlantic Coast for the Period between 1982\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6283-6108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanae","family":"Belmajdoub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LRIT Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat B.P.1014, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3918-8552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid","family":"Minaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LRIT Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat B.P.1014, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2824-646X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anass","family":"El Aouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des G\u00e9osciences de l\u2019Environnement, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, Saint-Martin-d\u2019H\u00e8res, 38400 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Hilmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherche Halieutique, 02 Bd Sidi Abderrahmane, Ain Diab, Casablanca 20100, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0197-8313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachid","family":"Saadane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SIRC-LaGeS, Hassania School of Public Works, Casablanca 20000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4193-6062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdellah","family":"Chehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2018.1528513","article-title":"Automatic detection of Moroccan coastal upwelling zones using sea surface temperature images","volume":"40","author":"Tamim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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