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In this study, we retrieved the ground layer, tropospheric and total columns of H2O using ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The H2O total columns are obtained from near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectra, and the ground layer and tropospheric H2O columns are retrieved from the MIR spectrum. The total columns of H2O retrieved from NIR and MIR have a good consistency (R = 0.989). Additionally, the ground layer H2O columns have a similar seasonal variation to total columns and tropospheric columns but have a higher seasonal amplitude. The ground layer H2O columns are close to the total columns and tropospheric columns in winter; however, in summer, the average difference between the ground layer and total columns and the value between the ground layer and tropospheric columns are large. This is mostly due to temperature variation. The temperature has a linear response to H2O, and the relationship between surface temperature and ln(XH2O) values in the ground layer, the entire atmosphere and the troposphere show a significantly positive correlation, and the correlation coefficient R is 0.893, 0.882 and 0.683, respectively. Furthermore, we selected the HYSPLIT model to simulate the back trajectories of air parcels in the four seasons in Hefei and find that the air mass transport has a significant impact on the local H2O change. These results demonstrate that ground-based high-resolution FTIR technology has high accuracy and precision in observing the vertical distribution and seasonal changes of H2O in different atmospheres.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15143484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T01:01:41Z","timestamp":1689123701000},"page":"3484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ground-Based Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Water Vapor Using High-Resolution FTIR Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4574-7872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changgong","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automation, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005319109110","article-title":"Atmospheric moisture residence times and cycling: Implications for rainfall rates and climate change","volume":"39","author":"Trenberth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clim. 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