{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T08:59:22Z","timestamp":1771059562016,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"INTERREG V-A Spain-Portugal Cooperation Programme MAC (Madeira-Azores-Canary Islands)","award":["MAC2\/4.6d\/230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAC2\/4.6d\/230"]}]},{"name":"ERDF (European Regional Development Fund)","award":["MAC2\/4.6d\/230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAC2\/4.6d\/230"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Climate change and the appearance of pests and pathogens are leading to the disappearance of palm groves of Phoenix canariensis in the Canary Islands. Traditional pathology diagnostic techniques are resource-demanding and poorly reproducible, and it is necessary to develop new monitoring methodologies. This study presents a tool to identify individuals infected by Serenomyces phoenicis and Phoenicococcus marlatti using UAV-derived multispectral images and machine learning. In the first step, image segmentation and classification techniques allowed us to calculate a relative prevalence of affected leaves at an individual scale for each palm tree, so that we could finally use this information with labelled in situ data to build a probabilistic classification model to detect infected specimens. Both the pixel classification performance and the model\u2019s fitness were evaluated using different metrics such as omission and commission errors, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. It is worth noting the accuracy of more than 0.96 obtained for the pixel classification of the affected and healthy leaves, and the good detection ability of the probabilistic classification model, which reached an accuracy of 0.87 for infected palm trees. The proposed methodology is presented as an efficient tool for identifying infected palm specimens, using spectral information, reducing the need for fieldwork and facilitating phytosanitary treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15143584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T01:46:02Z","timestamp":1689644762000},"page":"3584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["UAV-Based Disease Detection in Palm Groves of Phoenix canariensis Using Machine Learning and Multispectral Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6055-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Casas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6853-4442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Arbelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Moreno-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad de Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}]},{"given":"Pedro A.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Reyes-Carlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Sanidad Vegetal, Direcci\u00f3n General de Agricultura, Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura, Ganader\u00eda y Pesca, 47014 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4772","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.1651","article-title":"Pattern and Process of Biotic Homogenization in the New Pangaea","volume":"279","author":"Baiser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. 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