{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T18:52:46Z","timestamp":1771959166226,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003566","name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1525012261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1525012261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003566","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003566","name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1525014889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1525014889"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003566","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the increasing utilization of location information, attempts to improve the safety of absolute positioning coordinates, which have depended on global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), are underway. Among these, enhanced long range navigation (eLoran) is the most technically developed system. In Korea, related technologies have been developed since 2016, and a testbed for eLoran performance evaluation, which is currently in operation as a pilot service, was completed in 2021. We analyze the position accuracy of the eLoran pilot service to use it as an alternative when GNSS usage is challenging within Korea\u2019s eLoran testbed. We evaluated the accuracy of the absolute position using the eLoran system by sailing up to 160 km away from the Incheon testbed transmitter according to four navigation stages (inland waterway, port approach, coastal, and ocean) classified by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). To validate the eLoran positioning performance in which an additional secondary factor (ASF) map is not provided, we propose a differential GPS (DGPS) position-based ASF estimation technique. Based on this study, Korea\u2019s eLoran system can calculate the absolute position with an accuracy of approximately 15 m with 95% probability at the port-approach stage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15143586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:54:01Z","timestamp":1689728041000},"page":"3586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Demonstration of the Feasibility of the Korean eLoran System as a Resilient PNT in a Testbed"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6834-9247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pyo-Woong","family":"Son","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Ship and Ocean Engineering Major, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8620-8413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sul Gee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Younghoon","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Kiyeol","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Tae Hyun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dardanelli, G., and Maltese, A. 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