{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T06:19:51Z","timestamp":1768285191625,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41204137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41204137"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42174192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174192"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["11872128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11872128"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["JK20211A020086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JK20211A020086"]}]},{"name":"Pandeng Program of National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["41204137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41204137"]}]},{"name":"Pandeng Program of National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42174192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174192"]}]},{"name":"Pandeng Program of National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["11872128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11872128"]}]},{"name":"Pandeng Program of National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["JK20211A020086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JK20211A020086"]}]},{"name":"Ministry\u2019s and National Commission\u2019s Scientific Research Project","award":["41204137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41204137"]}]},{"name":"Ministry\u2019s and National Commission\u2019s Scientific Research Project","award":["42174192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174192"]}]},{"name":"Ministry\u2019s and National Commission\u2019s Scientific Research Project","award":["11872128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11872128"]}]},{"name":"Ministry\u2019s and National Commission\u2019s Scientific Research Project","award":["JK20211A020086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JK20211A020086"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stellar occultation instruments detect the transmission of stellar spectra through the planetary atmosphere to retrieve densities of various atmospheric components. This paper introduces an idea of using instruments with bandpass filters for stellar occultation detection. According to the characteristics of the occultation technique for oxygen density measurement, a full-link forward model is established, and the average transmission under a typical nocturnal atmosphere is calculated with the help of the HITRAN database, occultation simulation and a 3D ray-tracing program. The central wavelength and bandwidth suitable for 760 nm oxygen A-band absorption measurement are discussed. This paper also compares the results of the forward model with GOMOS spectrometer data under this band, calculates the observation signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to different instrument parameters, and target star magnitudes. The results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for the development of a stellar occultation technique with a bandpass filter and guidance on the instrument design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15143681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T01:12:28Z","timestamp":1690161148000},"page":"3681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Research on Stellar Occultation Detection with Bandpass Filtering for Oxygen Density Retrieval"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Environmental Space Situation Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaocheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Environmental Space Situation Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Cui","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Environmental Space Situation Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5944-682X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Environmental Space Situation Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1685-943X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaoai","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Environmental Space Situation Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Environmental Space Situation Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Environmental Space Situation Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wehr, T., Paulsen, T., Popescu, A., Snoeij, P., Fanton d\u2019Andon, O., and Barrot, G. (2002, January 24\u201328). Calibration and first results of stellar occultation measurements with GOMOS on Envisat. C. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings of the IGARSS \u201902. 2002 IEEE International, Toronto, ON, Canada."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1968)025<1141:SSAAC>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Stellar spectra and atmospheric composition","volume":"25","author":"Hays","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0032-0633(73)90032-9","article-title":"Stellar occultation measurements of molecular oxygen in the lower thermosphere","volume":"21","author":"Hays","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Planet. Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-1177(03)00590-8","article-title":"GOMOS on Envisat: An overview","volume":"33","author":"Tamminen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Anderson, G.P., Clough, S.A., Kneizys, F.X., Chetwynd, J.H., and Shettle, E.P. (2023, May 20). AFGL Atmospheric Constituent Profiles (0\u2013120 km). Environmental Research Papers. Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Eric-Shettle\/publication\/235054307_AFGL_Atmospheric_Constituent_Profiles_0120km\/links\/00b7d5261849c835c1000000\/AFGL-Atmospheric-Constituent-Profiles-0120km.pdf."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23593","DOI":"10.1029\/97JD00906","article-title":"POAM II retrieval algorithm and error analysis","volume":"102","author":"Lumpe","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18785","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900235","article-title":"The Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III instrument and early validation results","volume":"104","author":"Lucke","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugita, T., Yokota, T., Nakajima, T., Nakajima, H., Waragai, K., Suzuki, M., Matsuzaki, A., Itou, Y., Saeki, H., and Sasano, Y. (2000, January 9\u201312). Temperature and pressure retrievals from O2 A-band absorption measurements made by ILAS: Retrieval algorithm and error analyses. Proceedings of the SPIE\u2014The International Society for Optical Engineering, Sendai, Japan.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.416949"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2007.06.006","article-title":"Measurements of the O2 A- and B- bands for determining temperature and pressure profiles from ACE\u2013MAESTRO: Forward model and retrieval algorithm","volume":"108","author":"Nowlan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"203","article-title":"Using Onion-Peeling Method to Inverse Ozone Density Based on the Stellar Occultation Technology in the Near Space Region","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2004.10.008","article-title":"The HITRAN 2004 molecular spectroscopic database","volume":"96","author":"Rothman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"111","article-title":"A fast and efficient line-by-line calculation method for atmospheric absorption","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Sci. Atmos. Sin."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2004.07.025","article-title":"Direct measurement of the Rayleigh scattering cross section in various gases","volume":"92","author":"Sneep","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Q., Sun, M., Dong, X., and Zhu, P. (2022). Design and Simulation of Stellar Occultation Infrared Band Constellation. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14143327"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"5-1","article-title":"Simulation studies of GPS radio occultation measurements","volume":"38","author":"Beyerle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radio Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.40.000866","article-title":"Chromatic refraction with global ozone monitoring by occultation of stars. I. Description and scintillation correction","volume":"40","author":"Dalaudier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"054504","DOI":"10.1088\/1538-3873\/aa5f0e","article-title":"Spectrophotometry of Very Bright Stars in the Southern Sky","volume":"129","author":"Krisciunas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/asna.202013803","article-title":"Accuracy of magnitudes in pre-telescopic star catalogs","volume":"341","author":"Protte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Astron. Nachrichten"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/14\/3681\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:17:38Z","timestamp":1760127458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/14\/3681"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15143681"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15143681","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]}}}