{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T18:13:16Z","timestamp":1765995196110,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB2100500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB2100500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Emerging smart cities and digital twins are currently built from heterogenous cutting-edge low-power remote sensing systems limited by diverse inefficient communication and information technologies. Future smart cities delivering time-critical services and responses must transition towards utilizing massive numbers of sensors and more efficient integrated systems that rapidly communicate intelligent self-adaptation for collaborative operations. Here, we propose a critical futuristic integrated communication element named City Sensing Base Station (CSBS), inspired by base stations for cell phones that address similar concerns. A CSBS is designed to handle massive volumes of heterogeneous observation data that currently need to be upgraded by middleware or registered. It also provides predictive and interpolation modelling for the control of sensors and response units such as emergency services and drones. A prototype of CSBS demonstrated that it could unify readily available heterogeneous sensing devices, including surveillance video, unmanned aerial vehicles, and ground sensor webs. Collaborative observation capability was also realized by integrating different object detection sources using advanced computer-vision technologies. Experiments with a traffic accident and water pipeline emergency showed sensing and intelligent analyses were greatly improved. CSBS also significantly reduced redundant Internet connections while maintaining high efficiency. This innovation successfully integrates high-density, high-diversity, and high-precision sensing in a distributed way for the future digital twin of cities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15143699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T01:27:32Z","timestamp":1690248452000},"page":"3699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Integrated Node Infrastructure for Future Smart City Sensing and Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Dong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, Wuhan 430078, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1017-742X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, Wuhan 430078, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China"},{"name":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, Wuhan 430078, China"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, Wuhan 430078, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2016.10.031","article-title":"FIoT: An agent-based framework for self-adaptive and self-organizing applications based on the Internet of Things","volume":"378","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inf. 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