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determination (DPD) method requires reconstructing the emitter position with prior knowledge. However, in non-cooperative localization scenarios, it is difficult to reconstruct the transmitted signal with the unknown signal form and propagation model. In this paper, a sparse DPD method based on time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) information in correlation-domain is proposed. Different from the traditional sparse DPD method, the received signal is converted into correlation-domain, and the proposed dictionary matrix is generated by the quantized delay difference, which solves the pseudo-positioning problem. Compared to the conventional multi-signal classification (MUSIC) method, multi-frequency fusion (MFF) method, and two-step positioning algorithm, the proposed algorithm achieves higher positioning accuracy. The feasibility of the algorithm has been verified by both simulation and real-world measured tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15153705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T01:09:01Z","timestamp":1690333741000},"page":"3705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sparse Direct Position Determination Based on TDOA Information in Correlation-Domain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2919-7423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0721-5787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kehui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1109\/78.301830","article-title":"A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location","volume":"42","author":"Chan","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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