{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:24:08Z","timestamp":1760149448618,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42001301","2021BAA185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001301","2021BAA185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hubei province of China","award":["42001301","2021BAA185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001301","2021BAA185"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Five global monthly top-of-atmosphere (TOA) outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) products are evaluated in this study, including the products derived from the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS), Clouds and the Earth\u2019s Radiant Energy System (CERES), Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the CM SAF cLoud, Albedo and surface RAdiation dataset from AVHRR data (CLARA), and the Global Energy and Water Cycle EXchanges (GEWEX) project. Results show that overall there is good consistency among these five products. Larger differences are found between GEWEX and CERES (HIRS) after (before) 2000 (RMSE ~ 5 W\/m2), particularly in the tropical regions. In terms of global mean values, GEWEX shows large differences with the other products from the year 1992 to 2002, and CLARA shows large differences from the year 1979 to 1981, which are more obvious in the global ocean values. Large discrepancies among these products exist at low latitudinal bands, particularly before the year 2000. Australia and Asia (mid\u2013low latitude part) are two typical regions in which larger differences are found.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15153722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T02:07:17Z","timestamp":1690423637000},"page":"3722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Five Global Top-of-Atmosphere Outgoing Longwave Radiation Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chuan","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCCC Second Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430056, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6887-0067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuohua","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2019.1597189","article-title":"Remote sensing of earth\u2019s energy budget: Synthesis and review","volume":"12","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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