{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T15:51:07Z","timestamp":1772725867872,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","award":["2019QZKK0905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0905"]}]},{"name":"the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","award":["42201162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42201162"]}]},{"name":"the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","award":["42101121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101121"]}]},{"name":"the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","award":["42272339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42272339"]}]},{"name":"the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","award":["SKLFSE-ZQ-58"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLFSE-ZQ-58"]}]},{"name":"the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","award":["SKLFSE-ZT-202203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLFSE-ZT-202203"]}]},{"name":"the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","award":["SKLFSE-ZY-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLFSE-ZY-20"]}]},{"name":"the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","award":["22JR5RA089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22JR5RA089"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019QZKK0905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0905"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42201162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42201162"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42101121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101121"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42272339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42272339"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["SKLFSE-ZQ-58"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLFSE-ZQ-58"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["SKLFSE-ZT-202203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLFSE-ZT-202203"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["SKLFSE-ZY-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLFSE-ZY-20"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22JR5RA089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22JR5RA089"]}]},{"name":"the Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering","award":["2019QZKK0905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0905"]}]},{"name":"the Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering","award":["42201162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42201162"]}]},{"name":"the Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering","award":["42101121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101121"]}]},{"name":"the Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering","award":["42272339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42272339"]}]},{"name":"the Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering","award":["SKLFSE-ZQ-58"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLFSE-ZQ-58"]}]},{"name":"the Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering","award":["SKLFSE-ZT-202203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLFSE-ZT-202203"]}]},{"name":"the Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering","award":["SKLFSE-ZY-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLFSE-ZY-20"]}]},{"name":"the Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering","award":["22JR5RA089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22JR5RA089"]}]},{"name":"the program of the Gansu Province Science and Technology Foundation for Youths","award":["2019QZKK0905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0905"]}]},{"name":"the program of the Gansu Province Science and Technology Foundation for Youths","award":["42201162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42201162"]}]},{"name":"the program of the Gansu Province Science and Technology Foundation for Youths","award":["42101121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101121"]}]},{"name":"the program of the Gansu Province Science and Technology Foundation for Youths","award":["42272339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42272339"]}]},{"name":"the program of the Gansu Province Science and Technology Foundation for Youths","award":["SKLFSE-ZQ-58"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLFSE-ZQ-58"]}]},{"name":"the program of the Gansu Province Science and Technology Foundation for Youths","award":["SKLFSE-ZT-202203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLFSE-ZT-202203"]}]},{"name":"the program of the Gansu Province Science and Technology Foundation for Youths","award":["SKLFSE-ZY-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLFSE-ZY-20"]}]},{"name":"the program of the Gansu Province Science and Technology Foundation for Youths","award":["22JR5RA089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22JR5RA089"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Against the background of global warming, permafrost areas are facing increasing thawing, and the threat to the surface of the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Engineering Corridor (QTEC) is serious. It is imperative to understand the current surface deformation and analyze the changes spatiotemporal characteristics for future warnings. At present, observation of a long time series and overall coverage of vertical ground deformation in QTEC are lacking. This paper takes the permafrost deformation of the QTEC as its research object. It uses the pretreated LiCSAR product and combines it with the LiCSBAS package to obtain monitoring results of the long time series deformation of the engineering corridor\u2019s surface. The SAR image acquisition date is taken as the constraint, the results covering the whole processing area are selected, and then the vertical deformation information covering the entire engineering corridor area by ignoring the north\u2013south displacement is calculated. The results show that the surface of the study area, as a whole, slightly subsided between May 2017 and March 2022, and the vertical deformation rate was mostly distributed at \u221227.068 mm\/yr \u2212 18.586 mm\/yr, with an average of \u22121.06 mm\/yr. Vertical deformation dominated at 52.84 percent of the study area, of which settlement accounted for 27.57 percent and uplift accounted for 25.27 percent. According to the statistics of the normal distribution of deformation velocity per pixel, a total of 77% of the engineering corridor was stable, with a vertical deformation rate between \u22126.964 mm\/yr and \u22124.844 mm\/yr, and 17.7% of the region was sub-stable, with a settling rate of \u221212.868 mm\/yr \u2212 \u20136.964 mm\/yr. The unstable regions included areas with settlement rates greater than 12.868 mm\/yr and uplift rates greater than 10.748 mm\/yr, representing 4.4 percent and 0.9 percent of the total area, respectively, for a total of 5.3 percent. The results of this paper can be used as the theoretical basis and as basic data for decision making and scientific research in various departments, and they are of great significance for surface stability assessment and early warnings along engineering corridors and traffic projects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15153728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T02:07:17Z","timestamp":1690423637000},"page":"3728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Preliminary Study on InSAR-Based Uplift or Subsidence Monitoring and Stability Evaluation of Ground Surface in the Permafrost Zone of the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Engineering Corridor, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3652-3957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingsong","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Da Xing\u2019anling Observation and Research Station of Frozen-Ground Engineering and Environment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jagdaqi 165000, China"},{"name":"College of Resouces and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5357-2681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Da Xing\u2019anling Observation and Research Station of Frozen-Ground Engineering and Environment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jagdaqi 165000, China"},{"name":"College of Resouces and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4651-6251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Da Xing\u2019anling Observation and Research Station of Frozen-Ground Engineering and Environment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jagdaqi 165000, China"},{"name":"College of Resouces and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Yapeng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Da Xing\u2019anling Observation and Research Station of Frozen-Ground Engineering and Environment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jagdaqi 165000, China"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3913-2636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingtang","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4760-7892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunshun","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Da Xing\u2019anling Observation and Research Station of Frozen-Ground Engineering and Environment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jagdaqi 165000, China"},{"name":"College of Resouces and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6039-0192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Da Xing\u2019anling Observation and Research Station of Frozen-Ground Engineering and Environment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jagdaqi 165000, China"},{"name":"College of Resouces and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8696-0218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Da Xing\u2019anling Observation and Research Station of Frozen-Ground Engineering and Environment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jagdaqi 165000, China"},{"name":"College of Resouces and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Chunqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Da Xing\u2019anling Observation and Research Station of Frozen-Ground Engineering and Environment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jagdaqi 165000, China"},{"name":"College of Resouces and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Qin, D., Yao, T., Ding, Y., and Ren, J. 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