{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T02:51:59Z","timestamp":1771210319334,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Earth System Science Data Sharing Infrastructure","award":["2005DKA32300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2005DKA32300"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monitoring land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) is extremely important in the sustainable development and management of terrestrial ecosystems. Taking the Heilongjiang (Amur) River Basin as the study area, this study aimed to identify the spatiotemporal characteristics of land cover at the entire basin and at the country levels of the three countries using the land-use change index, frequency statistics and land-cover change degree. The results showed that: (1) The LULC types were mainly forest land and grassland (accounting for nearly 83% in total) from 2001 to 2019. The main land-cover types in China, Russia and Mongolia were forest land, forest land and grassland, respectively. (2) The area of urban land, cropland and wetland increased significantly from 2001 to 2019, while the area of forest land and bare land decreased during this time. In general, the ecological environment has greatly improved over the last 19 years, although the relevant ecological restoration still needs to be further implemented. The findings can provide a scientific basis for ecological protection and sustainable development in the Heilongjiang (Amur) River Basin. The approaches here are also applicable to land-cover change research in other similar regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15153730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T02:07:17Z","timestamp":1690423637000},"page":"3730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Spatiotemporal and Driving Factors of Land-Cover Change in the Heilongjiang (Amur) River Basin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shuzhen","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"},{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20666","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704119104","article-title":"The emergence of land change science for global environmental change and sustainability","volume":"104","author":"Turner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. 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