{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T10:28:36Z","timestamp":1776940116564,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019QZKK0105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023Z009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023Z009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023KJ041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KJ041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basic Research Fund of CAMS","award":["2019QZKK0105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0105"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Fund of CAMS","award":["2023Z009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023Z009"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Fund of CAMS","award":["2023KJ041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KJ041"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003345","name":"Science and Technology Development Fund of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019QZKK0105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003345","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003345","name":"Science and Technology Development Fund of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023Z009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023Z009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003345","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003345","name":"Science and Technology Development Fund of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023KJ041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KJ041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003345","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>M\u00eadog and Nagqu are two typical climate regions of the Tibetan Plateau, with different atmospheric conditions and local orography. This may lead to different diurnal variation patterns of clouds and precipitation. This paper investigates the diurnal variations of clouds and precipitation in M\u00eadog and Nagqu, using ground-based measurements from Ka-band cloud radar and a Particle Size and Velocity (PARSIVEL) disdrometer. High frequencies of cloud cover and precipitation occur from 23:00 local solar time (LST) to 05:00 LST in M\u00eadog, while low frequencies appear from 11:00 LST to 17:00 LST. The occurrence frequencies in Nagqu maintain high values from 13:00 LST to 21:00 LST. In terms of mean rain rate, heavier rainfall appears in the evening and at night in M\u00eadog, with peaks at 00:00 LST and 18:00 LST, respectively. In Nagqu, the heaviest rainfall occurs at 12:00 LST. In addition, the afternoon convective rainfall in Nagqu is characterized by a much higher concentration of large drops, which can be classified as continental-like. The morning rainfall has the lowest concentration of large drops and can be classified as maritime-like. Finally, the mechanisms of diurnal variations in the two regions are discussed. The diurnal cycle of clouds and precipitation in M\u00eadog may be associated with the nocturnal convergence of moisture flux and mountain\u2013valley wind circulation. Diurnal variations in Nagqu have a high correlation with the diurnal cycle of solar radiation. The high nocturnal frequency of clouds and precipitation in the two regions at night is closely related to the convergence of moisture flux.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15153731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T02:07:17Z","timestamp":1690423637000},"page":"3731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Diurnal Variation Characteristics of Clouds and Precipitation during the Summer Season in Two Typical Climate Regions of the Tibetan Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Renran","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7391-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaili","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather\/MOE, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jisong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L20815","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL035867","article-title":"World Water Tower: An Atmospheric Perspective","volume":"35","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geophys. 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