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However, the relative contributions of climate change and phenological change to vegetation productivity across various grassland types remain indistinguishable. This study examined the effects of climate change and phenological change on net primary productivity (NPP) in the alpine meadow and alpine steppe ecosystems of the TP from 2001 to 2020. The results revealed that (1) NPP exhibited a positive correlation with vegetation phenology, particularly with an extended growing season length and an earlier start of the growing season. Among the phenological variables studied, changes in the start of the growing season had the strongest influence on NPP variations in both alpine meadows and alpine steppes. (2) NPP displayed a positive correlation with annual precipitation and annual temperature, with changes in annual precipitation playing a dominant role in shaping NPP variations in alpine steppes. (3) NPP showed a negative correlation with annual radiation, and the impact of radiation changes on NPP variations was comparable to that of precipitation or temperature in both alpine meadows and alpine steppes. (4) Climate change exerted a stronger impact on NPP than phenological change in alpine steppes, while NPP was jointly affected by climate change and phenological change in alpine meadows. Our findings indicated that the relative effects of climate change and phenological change on vegetation productivity vary across different grassland types on the TP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15153733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T02:08:00Z","timestamp":1690510080000},"page":"3733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Relative Effects of Climate Change and Phenological Change on Net Primary Productivity Vary with Grassland Types on the Tibetan Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jianyu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhishu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaowei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1217-6057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fusong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaolin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengqun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1082750","article-title":"Climate-driven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982 to 1999","volume":"300","author":"Nemani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2016.08.020","article-title":"Responses of net primary productivity to phenological dynamics in the Tibetan Plateau, China","volume":"232","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agric. 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