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They serve as the key payloads for gravity recovery missions such as CHAMP, the GRACE-type missions, and the planned Next-Generation Gravity Missions. In this work, a systematic method for electrostatic inertial sensor calibration of gravity recovery satellites is suggested, which is applied to and verified with the Taiji-1 mission. With this method, the complete operating parameters including the scale factors, the center of mass offset vector, and the intrinsic biased acceleration can be precisely calibrated with only two sets of short-term in-orbit experiments. This could reduce the gaps in data that are caused by necessary in-orbit calibrations during the lifetime of related missions. Taiji-1 is the first technology-demonstration satellite of the \u201cTaiji Program in Space\u201d, which, in its final extended phase in 2022, could be viewed as operating in the mode of a high\u2013low satellite-to-satellite tracking gravity mission. Based on the principles of calibration, swing maneuvers with time spans of approximately 200 s and rolling maneuvers for 19 days were conducted by Taiji-1 in 2022. Given the data of the actuation voltages of the inertial sensor, satellite attitude variations, precision orbit determinations, the inertial sensor\u2019s operating parameters are precisely re-calibrated with Kalman filters and are relayed to the Taiji-1 science team. The relative errors of the calibrations are &lt;1% for the linear scale factors, &lt;3% for center of mass, and &lt;0.1% for biased accelerations. Data from one of the sensitive axes are re-processed with the updated operating parameters, and the resulting performance is found to be slightly improved over the former results. This approach could be of high reference value for the accelerometer or inertial sensor calibrations of the GFO, the Chinese GRACE-type mission, and the Next-Generation Gravity Missions. This could also create some insight into the in-orbit calibrations of the ultra-precision inertial sensors for future GW space antennas because of the technological inheritance between these two generations of inertial sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15153817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T09:24:24Z","timestamp":1690881864000},"page":"3817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Systematic Approach for Inertial Sensor Calibration of Gravity Recovery Satellites and Its Application to Taiji-1 Mission"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Haoyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Center of Theoretical Physics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Center for Gravitational Wave Experiment, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3543-7777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Center of Theoretical Physics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Center for Gravitational Wave Experiment, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe (Beijing\/Hangzhou), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Hangzhou 310024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongqi","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Center of Theoretical Physics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Center for 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Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe (Beijing\/Hangzhou), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Hangzhou 310024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keqi","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Gravitational Wave Experiment, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Gravitational Wave Experiment, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, 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Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Hangzhou 310024, China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-1177(02)00276-4","article-title":"CHAMP mission status","volume":"30","author":"Reigber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv. 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