{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T15:36:22Z","timestamp":1770910582342,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Protocollo d\u2019intesa con Regione Puglia per l\u2019attuazione dell\u2019art. 45 \u201cInterventi per esplorazione dei fenomeni carsici\u201d","award":["comma 1 della L.R. n. 45 del 30\/12\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["comma 1 della L.R. n. 45 del 30\/12\/2013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gravaglione represents one of the main swallow holes of the Canale di Pirro, low Murge, Apulia region, Italy. Here, after an intense rainstorm, a huge volume of rainwater accumulates at the surface. The drainage dynamics suggest that the Gravaglione could be part of a large, and potentially unknown, karst system. To verify this hypothesis and to acquire useful information on the possible karst environment features, an integrated aerial and geophysical multiscale and multimethod approach was applied. In particular, aerial photogrammetry, ground penetrating radar measurements and electrical resistivity tomography surveys were hence conducted and integrated to potentially detect the caves, define the subsurface volume possibly affected by karst systems and to verify the existence of links between the surficial morphology and the subsoil structure. The results provided interesting insights regarding the presence of a complex karst system extending up to 200 m b.g.l. and with a marked 3D nature. Overall, the Gravaglione case study demonstrates the geophysical approach validity and poses the basis for the development of an expeditive and low-cost high-resolution strategy for detecting and characterizing karst caves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15153820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T09:24:24Z","timestamp":1690881864000},"page":"3820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["An Integrated Geophysical and Unmanned Aerial Systems Surveys for Multi-Sensory, Multi-Scale and Multi-Resolution Cave Detection: The Gravaglione Site (Canale di Pirro Polje, Apulia)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4547-0690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Romano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Geo-Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8594-9455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Capozzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council of Italy (IMAA CNR), C. da S. Loja\u2014Zona Industriale, 85050 Tito Scalo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1462-2236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicodemo","family":"Abate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Heritage Science (ISPC), National Research Council, C. da S. Loja\u2014Zona Industriale, 85050 Tito Scalo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"De Girolamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV), Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9905-7503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella Serena","family":"Liso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Geo-Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Patella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Geo-Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0873-5303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Parise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Geo-Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ford, D., and Williams, P. 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