{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:46:40Z","timestamp":1767919600215,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["42171139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42171139"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["42130516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130516"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["42171124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42171124"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["41871053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41871053"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["XDA20070100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA20070100"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42171139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42171139"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42130516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130516"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42171124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42171124"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["41871053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41871053"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA20070100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA20070100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Tibetan Plateau contains a large number of mountain glaciers with clean surfaces, where englacial debris is generally entrained by the ice flow and exposed at the glacier margins. The long-term observation on one of the typical clean surface glaciers (the Qiyi Glacier, northern Tibetan Plateau) suggests an early emergence of englacial debris on its transport pathway, with accelerated surface melting from the mid-2000s onwards. Given that the englacial debris layers of the tongue part of Qiyi Glacier are approximately parallel to the glacier surface, the continuing melting might be expected to result in the rapid expansion of exposed debris. Compared with the clean surface ice, debris cover at the same elevation reduced glacier mass loss by ~25.4% during a hydrological year (2020\u20132021), indicating that the early emergence of englacial debris can protect the glacier from climate warming with prolonged life expectance. As such, future glacial runoff will then reach its peak earlier and be followed by a gentler decreasing trend than model projections with constant clean surface ice. These findings imply that the emerging debris on clean surface glacier may mitigate the glacial-runoff risk, which has so far been neglected in projections of future water supplies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15153899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T06:38:48Z","timestamp":1691390328000},"page":"3899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Emerging Signal of Englacial Debris on One Clean Surface Glacier Based on High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Data in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5433-8440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3407-6356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"given":"Zhonglei","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"given":"Anan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4076-7842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2224-7907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data Assimilation Research and Application, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7218-4353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongqing","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1215828","article-title":"The state and fate of Himalayan glaciers","volume":"336","author":"Bolch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-17-0057.1","article-title":"Recent Third Pole\u2019s rapid warming accompanies cryospheric melt and water cycle intensification and interactions between monsoon and environment: Multi-disciplinary approach with observation, modeling and analysis","volume":"100","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull. 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