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However, it has been severely degraded in recent decades due to the joint effects of human influence and climate change. Here we establish a wetland health index (WHI) for Poyang Lake, which considers five types of attributes (biological, water quality, sediment, land use and remote sensing, and socio-economic attributes) of the wetland to evaluate wetland conditions. Forty-nine variables across five categories were assembled as candidate metrics for the WHI through field surveys conducted in 2019 at 30 sample sites. Principal component analyses were performed to identify the most important variables in each of the five categories as the primary metrics of each index category (e.g., biological index). Eighteen variables were finally selected from the five categories to construct the WHI. The WHI scores varied from 0.34 to 0.80 at the 30 sample sites, with a mean of 0.55. The Poyang Lake wetland is generally in fair condition according to our WHI scores. Sample sites where connected rivers flow into the lake were assessed to be in a poor condition, highlighting the importance of reducing pollution input from rivers for wetland conservation. Scores of individual indices of the five categories were not highly correlated (0.29 \u2264 pairwise Spearman\u2019s r \u2264 0.69), suggesting that information provided by each index is different and might be complementary. The composite WHI as well as the individual category indices can provide comprehensive information on wetland conditions that would facilitate the development of more targeted and effective strategies for wetland management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15164061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T10:42:29Z","timestamp":1692268949000},"page":"4061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Comprehensive Multi-Metric Index for Health Assessment of the Poyang Lake Wetland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6653-3913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research (Jiangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330022, China"},{"name":"School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research (Jiangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330022, China"},{"name":"School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research (Jiangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330022, China"},{"name":"School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}]},{"given":"Qiwu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}]},{"given":"Chaoyang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research (Jiangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330022, China"},{"name":"School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9336-9576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyang","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical & Testing Center, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research (Jiangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330022, China"},{"name":"School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}]},{"given":"Qinghui","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1997)078[0653:ATRFMT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Alternatives to resilience for measuring the responses of ecological systems to perturbations","volume":"78","author":"Neubert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.02.001","article-title":"Global wetlands: Potential distribution, wetland loss, and status","volume":"586","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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