{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T08:17:55Z","timestamp":1774081075167,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hubei Luojia Laboratory","award":["220100044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220100044"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Luojia Laboratory","award":["42174042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174042"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Luojia Laboratory","award":["42174100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174100"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Luojia Laboratory","award":["41874098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41874098"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220100044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220100044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42174042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42174100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41874098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41874098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Evaluating the variations in terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) associated with climate forcing and human activities in the Mongolian Plateau is crucial for assessing water scarcity and predicting potential pressures on water resources in the future. In this study, we assessed the impacts of climatic and anthropogenic drivers on the change in TWSA on the Mongolian Plateau by using the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to examine Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) based TWSA data and comparing the ICA modes with hydrometeorological data and statistical data related to human activities. The results showed that TWSA in the Mongolian Plateau has experienced significant depletion (\u22122.3 \u00b1 0.62 mm\/year) from 2002 to 2017, with a severe decline (\u22123.4 \u00b1 0.78 mm\/year) in Inner Mongolia, China, and a moderate depletion rate in Mongolia (1.44 \u00b1 0.56 mm\/year). The results of the statistical analysis indicated that climate change was the dominant driver for the decline in TWSA from 2002 to 2007, resulting in a decrease in TWSA in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia at rates of \u22125.17 \u00b1 1.13 mm\/year and \u22125.01 \u00b1 2.0 mm\/year, respectively. From 2008 to 2017, the intensity of human activities has increased in Mongolia, but climate-driven effects greatly offset the anthropogenic changes, leading to an increasing trend in TWSA in Mongolia during this period. Nevertheless, in Inner Mongolia, the anthropogenic water depletion, such as irrigation, coal mining, and grazing, outweighed the climate contributions on the variations in TWSA, causing the TWSA in Inner Mongolia to decline at a rate of 1.08 \u00b1 0.54 mm\/year during 2007\u20132011.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15174184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T08:42:20Z","timestamp":1692952940000},"page":"4184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Anthropogenic and Climate-Driven Water Storage Variations on the Mongolian Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shuo","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6815-2006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zizhan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoming","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8494","DOI":"10.1002\/2015WR016923","article-title":"Estimation of human-induced changes in terrestrial water storage through integration of GRACE satellite detection and hydrological modeling: A case study of the Yangtze River basin","volume":"51","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Resour. 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