{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T04:25:08Z","timestamp":1778214308669,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai 2021 \u201cScience and Technology Innovation Action Plan\u201d Social Development Science and Technology Research Project","award":["21DZ1202500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21DZ1202500"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai 2021 \u201cScience and Technology Innovation Action Plan\u201d Social Development Science and Technology Research Project","award":["2020068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020068"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project","award":["21DZ1202500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21DZ1202500"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project","award":["2020068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020068"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Shanghai Municipal Water Bureau (Shanghai Branch 2021-10, Shanghai Branch 2018-07)","award":["21DZ1202500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21DZ1202500"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Shanghai Municipal Water Bureau (Shanghai Branch 2021-10, Shanghai Branch 2018-07)","award":["2020068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020068"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lakes play a crucial role in the earth\u2019s ecosystems and human activities. While turbidity is not a direct biochemical indicator of lake water quality, it is relatively easy to measure and indicates trophic status and lake health. Although ocean color satellites have been widely used to monitor water color parameters, their coarse spatial resolution makes it hard to capture the fine spatial variability of turbidity in lakes. The combination of Sentinel-2 and Landsat provides an opportunity to monitor lake turbidity with high spatial and temporal resolution. This study aims to generate consistent turbidity products in Taihu Lake from 2018 to 2022 using the Multispectral Instrument (MSI) on board Sentinel-2A\/B and the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on board Landsat-8\/9. We first tested the performance of three atmospheric correction methods to retrieve consistent reflectance from MSI and OLI images. We found that the Rayleigh correction and a subtraction of the SWIR band from Rayleigh-corrected reflectance can generate the most consistent reflectance (the coefficient of determination (R2) &gt; 0.84, the mean absolution percentage error (MAPE) &lt; 7%, the median error (ME) &lt; 0.0035, and slope &gt; 0.92). Machine learning models outperformed an existing semi-analytical retrieval algorithm in retrieving turbidity (MSI: R2 = 0.92, MAPE = 18.78%, and OLI: R2 = 0.93, MAPE = 16.20%). The consistency of turbidity from the same-day MSI and OLI images was also satisfactory (N = 3110 and MAPE = 26.48%). The distribution of turbidity exhibited obvious spatial and seasonal variability in Taihu Lake from 2018 to 2022. The results show the potential of MSI and OLI when combined to monitor inland lake water quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15174333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T02:43:20Z","timestamp":1693795400000},"page":"4333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Combined Retrievals of Turbidity from Sentinel-2A\/B and Landsat-8\/9 in the Taihu Lake through Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhe","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Infrared System Detection and Imaging Technologies, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9349-485X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cailan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Infrared System Detection and Imaging Technologies, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enuo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Environment Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Huai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Environment Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Infrared System Detection and Imaging Technologies, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Infrared System Detection and Imaging Technologies, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Infrared System Detection and Imaging Technologies, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2009.54.6_part_2.2283","article-title":"Lakes as sentinels of climate change","volume":"54","author":"Adrian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Limnol. 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