{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:27:42Z","timestamp":1760149662639,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATION","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21-77-10052","FNNN-2021-0006","FNNN-2021-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-77-10052","FNNN-2021-0006","FNNN-2021-0007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High- and medium-resolution satellite optical imagery show that submesoscale cyclonic eddies (SCEs) trap coastal waters and induce their rapid cross-shelf transport. Due to the presence of a rigid boundary, the convergence is observed in the coastal part of SCEs. It causes accumulation of suspended matter, which spins inward in a spiral motion toward the SCE core. Small SCEs with a radius of 1\u201310 km transport waters with local anomalies in the concentration of chlorophyll, total suspended matter and temperature to a distance of up to 150 km and are observed for more than 10 days. Lagrangian calculations based on realistic NEMO numerical model are used to estimate the fate of the coastal waters in such SCEs. The eddy entrains the largest number of particles during its separation from the coast when its vorticity reaches the maximum. Then, the SCE weakens, which is accompanied by the flattening of initially risen isopycnals and deepening of the trapped coastal waters. The described mechanism shows that coastal SCEs may cause intense short-period cross-shelf transport of the biological and chemical characteristics, and is another process affecting the functioning of the marine ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15184386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T10:23:42Z","timestamp":1693995822000},"page":"4386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Accumulation and Cross-Shelf Transport of Coastal Waters by Submesoscale Cyclones in the Black Sea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3561-5913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arseny","family":"Kubryakov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, 2 Kapitanskaya ul., 299011 Sevastopol, Russia"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Aleskerova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, 2 Kapitanskaya ul., 299011 Sevastopol, Russia"}]},{"given":"Evgeniy","family":"Plotnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, 2 Kapitanskaya ul., 299011 Sevastopol, Russia"}]},{"given":"Artem","family":"Mizyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, 2 Kapitanskaya ul., 299011 Sevastopol, Russia"}]},{"given":"Alesya","family":"Medvedeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, 2 Kapitanskaya ul., 299011 Sevastopol, Russia"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Stanichny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, 2 Kapitanskaya ul., 299011 Sevastopol, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fl.19.010187.002425","article-title":"Isolated eddy models in geophysics","volume":"19","author":"Flierl","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fluid.31.1.55","article-title":"Transport by coherent barotropic vortices","volume":"31","author":"Provenzale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehahn, Y., d\u2019Ovidio, F., L\u00e9vy, M., Amitai, Y., and Heifetz, E. (2011). Long range transport of a quasi isolated chlorophyll patch by an Agulhas ring. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38.","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GL048588"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1134\/S0001437011040205","article-title":"Submesoscale eddies at the Caucasus Black Sea shelf and the mechanisms of their generation","volume":"51","author":"Zatsepin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oceanology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2006.05.006","article-title":"An analysis of mechanisms for submesoscale vertical motion at ocean fronts","volume":"14","author":"Mahadevan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yurovsky, Y.Y., Kubryakov, A.A., Plotnikov, E.V., and Lishaev, P.N. (2022). Submesoscale Currents from UAV: An Experiment over Small-Scale Eddies in the Coastal Black Sea. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14143364"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6196","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JC012634","article-title":"A submesoscale coherent vortex in the L igurian S ea: From dynamical barriers to biological implications","volume":"122","author":"Bosse","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2000.0560","article-title":"Spirals on the sea","volume":"456","author":"Munk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Procedings R. Soc. Lond. A"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Kostianoy, A.G., Ginzburg, A.I., Lavrova, O.Y., and Mityagina, M.I. (2018). The Ocean in Motion: Circulation, Waves, Polar Oceanography, Springer."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s10236-021-01458-9","article-title":"Characteristics of topographic submesoscale eddies off the Crimea coast from high-resolution satellite optical measurements","volume":"71","author":"Aleskerova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocean Dyn."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218501","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.218501","article-title":"Cyclone-anticyclone asymmetry in geophysical turbulence","volume":"104","author":"Roullet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112091001301","article-title":"An experimental study of unstable barotropic vortices in a rotating fluid","volume":"223","author":"Kloosterziel","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, G., Hou, Y., and Chu, X. (2011). Mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea: Mean properties, spatiotemporal variability, and impact on thermohaline structure. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean., 116.","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JC006716"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1134\/S0001437015010105","article-title":"Mesoscale eddies in the Black Sea from satellite altimetry dat","volume":"55","author":"Kubryakov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oceanology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1134\/S0001437021020107","article-title":"Impact of Submesoscale Eddies on the Transport of Suspended Matter in the Coastal Zone of Crimea Based on Drone, Satellite, and In Situ Measurement Data","volume":"61","author":"Kubryakov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oceanology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10236-018-1239-4","article-title":"Physical mechanisms of submesoscale eddies generation: Evidences from laboratory modeling and satellite data in the Black Sea","volume":"69","author":"Zatsepin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocean Dyn."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2006.03.022","article-title":"Satellite SAR observations of atmospheric and oceanic vortex structures in the Black Sea coastal zone","volume":"38","author":"Lavrova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85320L","DOI":"10.1117\/12.970482","article-title":"Investigation of fine spatial structure of currents and submesoscale eddies based on satellite radar data and concurrent acoustic measurements","volume":"Volume 8532","author":"Lavrova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2012"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4779","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2010.485151","article-title":"Multi-sensor survey of seasonal variability in coastal eddy and internal wave signatures in the north-eastern Black Sea","volume":"31","author":"Mityagina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, D. (2011). Remote Sensing of the Changing Oceans, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16541-2"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1134\/S0001433813060145","article-title":"On the nature of short-period oscillations of the main Black Sea pycnocline, submesoscale eddies, and response of the marine environment to the catastrophic shower of 2012","volume":"49","author":"Zatsepin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1134\/S0001433816050042","article-title":"Modeling meso-and sub-mesoscale circulation along the eastern Crimean coast using numerical calculations","volume":"52","author":"Demyshev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.22449\/1573-160X-2021-1-37-51","article-title":"Seasonal and Vertical Variability of Currents Energy in the Sub-Mesoscale Range on the Black Sea Shelf and in its Central Part","volume":"28","author":"Puzina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021JC018189","DOI":"10.1029\/2021JC018189","article-title":"Cross-Slope Buoyancy Fluxes Cause Intense Asymmetric Generation of Submesoscale Eddies on the Periphery of the Black Sea Mesoscale Anticyclones","volume":"127","author":"Kubryakov","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osadchiev, A., Barymova, A., Sedakov, R., Zhiba, R., and Dbar, R. (2020). Spatial structure, short-temporal variability, and dynamical features of small river plumes as observed by aerial drones: Case study of the Kodor and Bzyp river plumes. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.5194\/egusphere-egu2020-13161"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s10236-019-01252-8","article-title":"Submesoscale eddies in Peter the Great Bay of the Japan\/East Sea in winter","volume":"69","author":"Fayman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocean Dyn."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-14-2941-2020","article-title":"Brief Communication: Mesoscale and submesoscale dynamics in the marginal ice zone from sequential synthetic aperture radar observations","volume":"14","author":"Kozlov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-022-00460-3","article-title":"Observations of submesoscale eddy-driven heat transport at an ice shelf calving front","volume":"3","author":"Friedrichs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Earth Environ."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2019.05.011","article-title":"Propagation of the Azov Sea waters in the Black sea under impact of variable winds, geostrophic currents and exchange in the Kerch Strait","volume":"176","author":"Kubryakov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akp\u0131nar, A., Sadighrad, E., Fach, B.A., and Ark\u0131n, S. (2022). Eddy induced cross-shelf exchanges in the Black Sea. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14194881"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.11.020","article-title":"Anatomy of shelf\u2013deep sea exchanges by a mesoscale eddy in the North West Black Sea as derived from remotely sensed data","volume":"114","author":"Shapiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2017.11.001","article-title":"Interannual variability of Danube waters propagation in summer period of 1992\u20132015 and its influence on the Black Sea ecosystem","volume":"179","author":"Kubryakov","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.04.020","article-title":"Retrieving ocean surface current by 4-D variational assimilation of sea surface temperature images","volume":"112","author":"Korotaev","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubryakov, A., Plotnikov, E., and Stanichny, S. (2018). Reconstructing large-and mesoscale dynamics in the Black Sea region from satellite imagery and altimetry data\u2014a comparison of two methods. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10020239"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"5","article-title":"Determination of the Suspended Matter Concentration in the Black Sea Using to the Satellite MODIS Data","volume":"29","author":"Kremenchutskiy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Saf. Coast. Shelf Zones Compr. Use Shelf Resour."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1134\/S0001437014030151","article-title":"Hydrophysical and hydrochemical characteristics of the sea areas adjacent to the estuaries of small rivers of the Russian coast of the Black Sea","volume":"54","author":"Zavialov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oceanology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012083","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1359\/1\/012083","article-title":"Dynamics of the Azov-Black Sea basin by means of parallel ocean circulation modeling","volume":"1359","author":"Mizyuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1134\/S0001433820010107","article-title":"Black Sea Intrapycnocline Lenses according to the Results of a Numerical Simulation of Basin Circulation","volume":"56","author":"Mizyuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5305","DOI":"10.1029\/JC092iC05p05305","article-title":"Examples of calculation methods for flow and mixing in stratified fluids","volume":"92","author":"Rodi","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9991(79)90051-2","article-title":"Fully multidimensional flux-corrected transport algorithms for fluids","volume":"31","author":"Zalesak","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1134\/S000143701405004X","article-title":"Laboratory study of a shear instability of an alongshore sea current","volume":"54","author":"Elkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oceanology"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1175\/JPO-D-16-0178.1","article-title":"Submesoscale instabilities in mesoscale eddies","volume":"47","author":"Brannigan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"75","article-title":"Satellite radar observations of small eddies in the White, Barents and Kara Seas","volume":"2","author":"Atadzhanova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1134\/S0001437015060065","article-title":"Vortex dynamics in the Southeastern Baltic Sea from satellite radar data","volume":"55","author":"Ginzburg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oceanology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1134\/S0001433819090044","article-title":"Suspended-matter distribution near the western coast of Crimea under the impact of strong winds of various directions","volume":"55","author":"Aleskerova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-010419-011020","article-title":"Upwelling bays: How coastal upwelling controls circulation, habitat, and productivity in bays","volume":"12","author":"Largier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4054","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GL063731","article-title":"Topographic vorticity generation, submesoscale instability and vortex street formation in the Gulf Stream","volume":"42","author":"Gula","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siegel, D.A., Peterson, P., McGillicuddy, D.J., Maritorena, S., and Nelson, N.B. (2011). Bio-optical footprints created by mesoscale eddies in the Sargasso Sea. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38.","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GL047660"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3173","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-18-3173-2021","article-title":"Quasi-tropical cyclone caused anomalous autumn coccolithophore bloom in the Black Sea","volume":"18","author":"Stanichny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vazyulya, S., Deryagin, D., Glukhovets, D., Silkin, V., and Pautova, L. (2023). Regional Algorithm for Estimating High Coccolithophore Concentration in the Northeastern Part of the Black Sea. Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15092219"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-010814-015717","article-title":"Cross-Shelf Exchange","volume":"8","author":"Brink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/18\/4386\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:46:17Z","timestamp":1760129177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/18\/4386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15184386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15184386","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]}}}