{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T01:37:40Z","timestamp":1769909860273,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42105143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42105143"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42305158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42305158"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["21KJB170006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21KJB170006"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["23KJB170025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KJB170025"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFE0116900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0116900"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022r035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022r035"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["42105143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42105143"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["42305158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42305158"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["21KJB170006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21KJB170006"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["23KJB170025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KJB170025"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["2021YFE0116900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0116900"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["2022r035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022r035"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["42105143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42105143"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["42305158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42305158"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["21KJB170006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21KJB170006"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["23KJB170025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KJB170025"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFE0116900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0116900"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022r035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022r035"]}]},{"name":"Research Start-up Fund of Wuxi University","award":["42105143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42105143"]}]},{"name":"Research Start-up Fund of Wuxi University","award":["42305158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42305158"]}]},{"name":"Research Start-up Fund of Wuxi University","award":["21KJB170006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21KJB170006"]}]},{"name":"Research Start-up Fund of Wuxi University","award":["23KJB170025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KJB170025"]}]},{"name":"Research Start-up Fund of Wuxi University","award":["2021YFE0116900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0116900"]}]},{"name":"Research Start-up Fund of Wuxi University","award":["2022r035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022r035"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau is one of the regions with the highest snow accumulation in China. Although the Fengyun-4A (FY4A) satellite is capable of monitoring snow-covered areas in real time and on a wide scale at high temporal resolution, its spatial resolution is low. In this study, the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, which has a harsh climate with few meteorological stations, was selected as the study area. We propose a deep learning model called the Dual-Branch Super-Resolution Semantic Segmentation Network (DSRSS-Net), in which one branch focuses with super resolution to obtain high-resolution snow distributions and the other branch carries out semantic segmentation to achieve accurate snow recognition. An edge enhancement module and coordinated attention mechanism were introduced into the network to improve the classification performance and edge segmentation effect for cloud versus snow. Multi-task loss is also used for optimization, including feature affinity loss and edge loss, to obtain fine structural information and improve edge segmentation. The 1 km resolution image obtained by coupling bands 1, 2, and 3; the 2 km resolution image obtained by coupling bands 4, 5, and 6; and the 500 m resolution image for a single channel, band 2, were inputted into the model for training. The accuracy of this model was verified using ground-based meteorological station data. Snow classification accuracy, false detection rate, and total classification accuracy were compared with the MOD10A1 snow product. The results show that, compared with MOD10A1, the snow classification accuracy and the average total accuracy of DSRSS-Net improved by 4.45% and 5.1%, respectively. The proposed method effectively reduces the misidentification of clouds and snow, has higher classification accuracy, and effectively improves the spatial resolution of FY-4A satellite snow cover products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15184431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T09:09:21Z","timestamp":1694423361000},"page":"4431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["DSRSS-Net: Improved-Resolution Snow Cover Mapping from FY-4A Satellite Images Using the Dual-Branch Super-Resolution Semantic Segmentation Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Kan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of the Internet of Thing Engineering, Wuxi University, Wuxi 214105, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengsong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3011-3113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of the Internet of Thing Engineering, Wuxi University, Wuxi 214105, China"},{"name":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linglong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of the Internet of Thing Engineering, Wuxi University, Wuxi 214105, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8328-8745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenny Thiam Choy Lim Kam","family":"Sian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Science and Remote Sensing, Wuxi University, Wuxi 214105, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0465-1292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3939-8082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haixiao","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of the Internet of Thing Engineering, Wuxi University, Wuxi 214105, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1042","article-title":"Characteristics of climate and extreme climate change in Sanjiangyuan region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the past 60 years","volume":"43","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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