{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T19:54:37Z","timestamp":1774382077733,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xigaze City Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["RKZ2020KJ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RKZ2020KJ01"]}]},{"name":"Xigaze City Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["42005130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42005130"]}]},{"name":"Xigaze City Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0187"]}]},{"name":"Xigaze City Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["E2296201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E2296201"]}]},{"name":"Xigaze City Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["5000002021BF40001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5000002021BF40001"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["RKZ2020KJ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RKZ2020KJ01"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42005130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42005130"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0187"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["E2296201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E2296201"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["5000002021BF40001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5000002021BF40001"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Natural Science Foundation project","award":["RKZ2020KJ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RKZ2020KJ01"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Natural Science Foundation project","award":["42005130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42005130"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Natural Science Foundation project","award":["cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0187"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Natural Science Foundation project","award":["E2296201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E2296201"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Natural Science Foundation project","award":["5000002021BF40001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5000002021BF40001"]}]},{"name":"Western Scholar of Chinese Academy of Sciences Category A","award":["RKZ2020KJ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RKZ2020KJ01"]}]},{"name":"Western Scholar of Chinese Academy of Sciences Category A","award":["42005130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42005130"]}]},{"name":"Western Scholar of Chinese Academy of Sciences Category A","award":["cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0187"]}]},{"name":"Western Scholar of Chinese Academy of Sciences Category A","award":["E2296201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E2296201"]}]},{"name":"Western Scholar of Chinese Academy of Sciences Category A","award":["5000002021BF40001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5000002021BF40001"]}]},{"name":"Ecological environment survey and ecological restoration technology demonstration project in the water-level-fluctuating of the Three Gorges Reservoir","award":["RKZ2020KJ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RKZ2020KJ01"]}]},{"name":"Ecological environment survey and ecological restoration technology demonstration project in the water-level-fluctuating of the Three Gorges Reservoir","award":["42005130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42005130"]}]},{"name":"Ecological environment survey and ecological restoration technology demonstration project in the water-level-fluctuating of the Three Gorges Reservoir","award":["cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0187"]}]},{"name":"Ecological environment survey and ecological restoration technology demonstration project in the water-level-fluctuating of the Three Gorges Reservoir","award":["E2296201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E2296201"]}]},{"name":"Ecological environment survey and ecological restoration technology demonstration project in the water-level-fluctuating of the Three Gorges Reservoir","award":["5000002021BF40001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5000002021BF40001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the inability of remote sensing satellites to monitor avalanches in real time, this study focuses on the glaciers in the rear edge of Jialongcuo, Tibet, and uses infrasound sensors to conduct real-time monitoring of ice avalanches. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) In terms of waveform, compared to background noise, ice avalanche events have a slight left deviation and a slightly steep shape; compared to wind, rain, and floods events, ice avalanche events have less obvious kurtosis and skewness. (2) In terms of frequency distribution, the infrasound frequency generated by ice avalanche events is mainly distributed in the range of 1.5 Hz to 9.5 Hz; compared to other events, ice avalanche events differ some in frequency characteristics. (3) The model based on information entropy and marginal spectral frequency distribution characteristics of infrasound have higher accuracy in signal classification and recognition, as they can better represent the differences between infrasound signals of different events than other features. (4) Compared with the K-nearest neighbor algorithm and classification tree algorithm, the support vector machine and BP (Back Propagation) neural network algorithm are more suitable for identifying infrasound signals in the Jialongcuo ice avalanche. The research results can provide theoretical support for the application of infrasound-based ice avalanche monitoring technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15184482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T03:54:06Z","timestamp":1694490846000},"page":"4482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Research on the Response Characteristics and Identification of Infrasound Signals in the Jialongcuo Ice Avalanche, Tibet"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yifang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"}]},{"given":"Dunlong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610041, China"}]},{"given":"Jianzhao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shigatse Science and Technology Bureau, Shigatse 857000, China"}]},{"given":"Jilong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China"}]},{"given":"Jianrong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The River Affairs Center of Chongqing, Chongqing 401120, China"}]},{"given":"Fenglin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Environmental Protection Engineering Technology Center for Shale Gas Development, Chongqing 408000, China"}]},{"given":"Yuanchao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}]},{"given":"Fangqiang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China"},{"name":"Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1141","article-title":"Advances in the study of glacier avalanches in High Aisa","volume":"40","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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