{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T18:19:38Z","timestamp":1776277178946,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project","award":["2021YFB3901203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3901203"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Piping is a major factor contributing to river embankment breaches, particularly during flood season in small and medium rivers. To reduce the costs of earth rock embankment inspections, avoid the need for human inspectors and enable the quick and widespread detection of piping hazards, a UAV image-acquisition function was introduced in this study. Through the collection and analysis of thermal infrared and visible (TIR &amp; V) images from several piping field simulation experiments, temperature increases, and diffusion centered on the piping point were discovered, so an automatic algorithm for piping identification was developed to capture this phenomenon. To verify the identification capabilities, the automatic identification algorithm was applied to detect potential piping hazards during the 2022 flooding of the Dingjialiu River, Liaoning, China. The algorithm successfully identified all five piping hazard locations, demonstrating its potential for detecting embankment piping.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15184492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T21:41:12Z","timestamp":1694554872000},"page":"4492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Automatic Identification of Earth Rock Embankment Piping Hazards in Small and Medium Rivers Based on UAV Thermal Infrared and Visible Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3094-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renzhi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhonggen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongquan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shugui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geo-Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1220-2876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"Hydraulics and Geotechnics Section, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.9740","article-title":"Global river hydrography and network routing: Baseline data and new approaches to study the world\u2019s large river systems","volume":"27","author":"Lehner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hydrol. 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