{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T08:04:45Z","timestamp":1773993885115,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Projects from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2020YFA0608203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0608203"]}]},{"name":"Key Projects from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2023YFS0366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFS0366"]}]},{"name":"Key Projects from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2021YFS0335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0335"]}]},{"name":"Key Projects from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2023YFG0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFG0020"]}]},{"name":"Key Projects from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["FY-APP-2021.0304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FY-APP-2021.0304"]}]},{"name":"Key Projects from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2022NSFSC0207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC0207"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2020YFA0608203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0608203"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2023YFS0366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFS0366"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2021YFS0335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0335"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2023YFG0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFG0020"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["FY-APP-2021.0304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FY-APP-2021.0304"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2022NSFSC0207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC0207"]}]},{"name":"Fengyun Satellite Application Advance Plan","award":["2020YFA0608203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0608203"]}]},{"name":"Fengyun Satellite Application Advance Plan","award":["2023YFS0366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFS0366"]}]},{"name":"Fengyun Satellite Application Advance Plan","award":["2021YFS0335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0335"]}]},{"name":"Fengyun Satellite Application Advance Plan","award":["2023YFG0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFG0020"]}]},{"name":"Fengyun Satellite Application Advance Plan","award":["FY-APP-2021.0304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FY-APP-2021.0304"]}]},{"name":"Fengyun Satellite Application Advance Plan","award":["2022NSFSC0207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC0207"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["2020YFA0608203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0608203"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["2023YFS0366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFS0366"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["2021YFS0335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0335"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["2023YFG0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFG0020"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["FY-APP-2021.0304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FY-APP-2021.0304"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["2022NSFSC0207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC0207"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a crucial computer vision task, multi-objective semantic segmentation has attracted widespread attention and research in the field of remote sensing image analysis. This technology has important application value in fields such as land resource surveys, global change monitoring, urban planning, and environmental monitoring. However, multi-target semantic segmentation of remote sensing images faces challenges such as complex surface features, complex spectral features, and a wide spatial range, resulting in differences in spatial and spectral dimensions among target features. To fully exploit and utilize spectral feature information, focusing on the information contained in spatial and spectral dimensions of multi-spectral images, and integrating external information, this paper constructs the CD-MQANet network structure, where C represents the Channel Creator module and D represents the Dual-Path Encoder. The Channel Creator module (CCM) mainly includes two parts: a generator block and a spectral attention module. The generator block aims to generate spectral channels that can expand different ground target types, while the spectral attention module can enhance useful spectral information. Dual-Path Encoders include channel encoders and spatial encoders, intended to fully utilize spectrally enhanced images while maintaining the spatial information of the original feature map. The decoder of CD-MQANet is a multitasking decoder composed of four types of attention, enhancing decoding capabilities. The loss function used in the CD-MQANet consists of three parts, which are generated by the intermediate results of the CCM, the intermediate results of the decoder, and the final segmentation results and label calculation. We performed experiments on the Potsdam dataset and the Vaihingen dataset. Compared to the baseline MQANet model, the CD-MQANet network improved mean F1 and OA by 2.03% and 2.49%, respectively, on the Potsdam dataset, and improved mean F1 and OA by 1.42% and 1.25%, respectively, on the Vaihingen dataset. The effectiveness of CD-MQANet was also proven by comparative experiments with other studies. We also conducted a thermographic analysis of the attention mechanism used in CD-MQANet and analyzed the intermediate results generated by CCM and LAM. Both modules generated intermediate results that had a significant positive impact on segmentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15184520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T04:06:13Z","timestamp":1694750773000},"page":"4520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["CD-MQANet: Enhancing Multi-Objective Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Images through Channel Creation and Dual-Path Encoding"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jinglin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}]},{"given":"Yuxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}]},{"given":"Bowei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610041, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9875-9853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Support Software of Informatization Application, Chengdu 610225, China"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610041, China"}]},{"given":"Wantao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610041, China"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}]},{"given":"Zhonggui","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}]},{"given":"Yushu","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}]},{"given":"Kunwei","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-013-9433-5","article-title":"Land Use Land Cover Changes and its Impacts on Water Resources in Nile Delta Region Using Remote Sensing Techniques","volume":"15","author":"Elhag","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. 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