{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T20:20:04Z","timestamp":1773692404764,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41871316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41871316"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42101424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101424"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021GGJS024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GGJS024"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["202300410076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202300410076"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["232300421244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232300421244"]}]},{"name":"Training Plan for Young Backbone Teachers in Colleges and Universities in Henan Province of China","award":["41871316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41871316"]}]},{"name":"Training Plan for Young Backbone Teachers in Colleges and Universities in Henan Province of China","award":["42101424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101424"]}]},{"name":"Training Plan for Young Backbone Teachers in Colleges and Universities in Henan Province of China","award":["2021GGJS024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GGJS024"]}]},{"name":"Training Plan for Young Backbone Teachers in Colleges and Universities in Henan Province of China","award":["202300410076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202300410076"]}]},{"name":"Training Plan for Young Backbone Teachers in Colleges and Universities in Henan Province of China","award":["232300421244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232300421244"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan","award":["41871316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41871316"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan","award":["42101424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101424"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan","award":["2021GGJS024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GGJS024"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan","award":["202300410076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202300410076"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan","award":["232300421244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232300421244"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to understand the mechanism of dust aerosol influence on regional climate change, it is crucial to quantify the radiative forcing effect of dust aerosols. However, studies on the direct radiative forcing of dust aerosols over long time series in China are still lacking. The direct radiative forcing effect of dust aerosols in China over the past 20 years was simulated and evaluated based on the WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to Chemistry) model in conjunction with remote sensing satellites and ground-based observations. The results showed that dust aerosols exhibited an obvious inter-annual positive radiative forcing effect (about 0.38 W m\u22122) on net radiation at the top of the atmosphere, mainly in northwest China and the North China Plain, while at the atmosphere dust aerosols presented negative radiative forcing effects on shortwave radiation and positive effects on longwave radiation, with a value of 1.54 W m\u22122 of net radiative forcing, showing a warming effect. Dust aerosols have a net radiative forcing value of \u22121.16 W m\u22122 at the surface, indicating a cooling effect, with a positive forcing effect on longwave radiation and a negative forcing effect on shortwave radiation, both of which coincide with the geographical distribution of dust aerosol concentrations. In terms of inter-monthly variations, at both the atmosphere and top of the atmosphere, the dust aerosols net radiative forcing values showed an increasing trend, with March (\u22120.20 W m\u22122 and 0.68 W m\u22122) &lt; April (0.48 W m\u22122 and 1.44 W m\u22122) &lt; May (0.94 W m\u22122 and 2.42 W m\u22122). Meanwhile, at the surface, the dust aerosols net radiative forcing values displayed a decreasing trend, with March (\u22120.88 W m\u22122) &gt; April (\u22120.96 W m\u22122) &gt; May (\u22121.48 W m\u22122).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15184564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T23:32:27Z","timestamp":1694993547000},"page":"4564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of Spring Dust Aerosols on Direct Radiative Forcing in China from 2000 to 2020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development and Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuxin","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengjie","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianlong","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2900-1651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongquan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8460-6821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8065-0569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengfei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development and Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5391","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-5391-2012","article-title":"Enhanced Cold-Season Warming in Semi-Arid Regions","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. 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